Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
4(4)
Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2024
The
cerebellum
has
long
been
associated
with
motor
control.
However,
its
role
in
cognitive
functions
attracted
increasing
attention
recently.
uniformity
of
cerebellar
internal
structure
seems
at
odds
involvement
such
diverse
functions.
Nonetheless,
diseases
as
ataxia,
there
is
a
comorbidity
and
impairments,
raising
essential
questions
about
how
to
what
extent
the
participates
This
review
begins
by
tracing
historical
development
research,
suggesting
that
connections
between
cerebral
cortex,
basal
ganglia,
other
subcortical
nuclei
form
basis
for
cerebellum’s
regulating
We
then
delve
into
language,
reward-based
learning,
working
memory,
spatial
cognition.
Additionally,
we
summarize
changes
observed
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
Parkinson’s
(PD),
ataxias
their
impact
on
By
discussing
mechanism
cognition
physiology
pathology
from
aspects
function,
aim
shed
light
promising
new
therapeutic
targets
related
impairment.
The Journal of Physiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024
Abstract
The
central
histaminergic
system
has
a
pivotal
role
in
emotional
regulation
and
psychiatric
disorders,
including
anxiety,
depression
schizophrenia.
However,
the
effect
of
histamine
on
neuronal
activity
centrolateral
amygdala
(CeL),
an
essential
node
for
fear
anxiety
processing,
remains
unknown.
Here,
using
immunostaining
whole‐cell
patch
clamp
recording
combined
with
optogenetic
manipulation
terminals
CeL
slices
prepared
from
histidine
decarboxylase
(HDC)‐Cre
rats,
we
show
that
selectively
suppresses
excitatory
synaptic
transmissions,
glutamatergic
transmission
basolateral
amygdala,
both
PKC‐δ‐
SOM‐positive
neurons.
histamine‐induced
is
mediated
by
H3
receptors
expressed
VGLUT1‐/VGLUT2‐positive
presynaptic
CeL.
Furthermore,
optoactivation
afferent
hypothalamic
tuberomammillary
nucleus
(TMN)
also
significantly
transmissions
via
receptors.
Histamine
neither
modulates
inhibitory
nor
directly
excites
neurons
postsynaptic
H1,
H2
or
H4
These
results
suggest
inputs
heteroreceptors
may
hold
critical
position
balancing
selective
modulation
drive,
which
not
only
account
pathophysiology
disorders
but
provide
potential
psychotherapeutic
targets.
image
Key
points
excitatory,
rather
than
inhibitory,
(CeL).
VGLUT1‐
VGLUT2‐positive
mediate
suppression
Optogenetic
activation
(TMN)–CeL
projections
inhibits
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2024
Abstract
The
capacity
of
the
brain
to
compensate
for
insults
during
development
depends
on
type
cell
loss,
whereas
consequences
genetic
mutations
in
same
neurons
are
difficult
predict.
We
reveal
powerful
compensation
from
outside
cerebellum
when
excitatory
cerebellar
output
ablated
embryonically
and
demonstrate
that
minimum
requirement
these
is
motor
coordination
not
learning
social
behaviors.
In
contrast,
loss
homeobox
transcription
factors
Engrailed1/2
(EN1/2)
lineage
leads
additional
deficits
adult
spatial
working
memory,
despite
half
being
intact.
Diffusion
MRI
indicates
increased
thalamo-cortico-striatal
connectivity
En1/2
mutants,
showing
remaining
lacking
exert
adverse
effects
extracerebellar
circuits
regulating
select
non-motor
Thus,
an
absence
less
disruptive
than
having
mutations.
Folia Morphologica,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024
Reports
from
recent
years
provide
compelling
evidence
about
the
structure
and
existence
of
functional
topography
in
cerebellum.
However,
most
them
focused
on
motor
functions
Recent
studies
suggest
involvement
posterior
lobe
cerebellum
context
neurodegenerative
cognitive
disorders.
The
pathophysiology
these
diseases
is
not
sufficiently
understood,
indicate
that
it
could
also
affect
additional
subregions
Anatomical
clinical
studies,
combined
with
neuroimaging,
new
ways
thinking
organization
functioning
This
review
summarizes
knowledge
cerebellum,
focuses
its
anatomical
contributions
to
development
neurological
diseases.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024
Abstract
Study
Objectives
Nightmares
are
linked
to
daytime
distress
and
psychiatric
neurological
disorders.
However,
knowledge
about
the
brain
regions
involved
in
nightmare
production
is
sparse.
This
study
aimed
examine
relationship
between
frequency
functional
connectivity
of
amygdala
with
prefrontal
cortex,
which
central
emotional
regulation.
Additionally,
sought
replicate
previous
findings
on
neural
correlates
nightmares
using
two
large
cohorts.
Methods
464
participants
underwent
structural
MRI
recordings
answered
questions
assessing
dream
recall
frequency.
A
general
linear
model
assessed
voxelwise
correlation
amygdala-prefrontal
cortex
regional
homogeneity
(ReHo)
maps
were
calculated,
high
low
entire
spectrum
contrasts
determined
while
controlling
for
age,
sex,
Results
The
did
not
find
a
significant
connectivity.
Previous
ReHo
group
differences
could
be
replicated.
parametric
analysis
revealed
an
association
cerebellum.
Conclusions
failure
confirm
hypothesized
previously
reported
results,
especially
larger
sample
size,
suggests
need
reevaluate
existing
consider
individual
such
as
personality,
trauma
history,
cognitive
processes.
Overall,
our
highlight
complexities
interpreting
neuroimaging
data
sleep
research.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024
Abstract
The
development
of
personality
traits
is
often
viewed
as
evolutionarily
adaptive.
Current
neuroticism
research,
however,
predominantly
highlights
its
negative
health
impacts,
neglecting
potential
evolutionary
advantages.
We
propose
that
neuroticism’s
inter-individual
variability
can
be
structured
into
two
distinct
geometric
dimensions.
One,
named
the
Emotional
Reactivity-Instability/Distress
Spectrum
(ERIS),
correlates
strongly
with
longevity
and
associated
chronic
diseases
risk-averse
lifestyle.
This
dimension
underpinned
by
conserved
subcortical
brain
regions
genes.
other,
resembling
overall
score,
primarily
linked
to
mental
stress-related
disorders,
well
life
satisfaction.
It
involves
higher-order
emotional
genetically
enriched
in
human-accelerated
regions.
Collectively,
these
dimensions
represent
a
dual-strategy
framework
optimizes
survival
well-being,
former
being
conservative
latter
potentially
unique
human
adaptation.
