bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2023
Abstract
Adolescent-onset
schizophrenia
(AOS)
is
rare,
under-studied,
and
associated
with
more
severe
cognitive
impairments
poorer
outcomes
than
adult-onset
schizophrenia.
Neuroimaging
has
shown
altered
regional
activations
(first-order
effects)
functional
connectivity
(second-order
in
AOS
compared
to
controls.
The
pairwise
maximum
entropy
model
(MEM)
integrates
first-
second-order
factors
into
a
single
quantity
called
energy,
which
inversely
related
probability
of
occurrence
brain
activity
patterns.
We
take
combinatorial
approach
study
multiple
brain-wide
MEMs
task-associated
components;
hundreds
independent
for
various
sub-systems
are
fit
7
Tesla
MRI
scans.
Acquisitions
were
collected
from
23
individuals
53
healthy
controls
while
performing
the
Penn
Conditional
Exclusion
Test
(PCET)
executive
function,
known
be
impaired
AOS.
Accuracy
PCET
performance
was
significantly
reduced
among
A
majority
models
showed
significant
negative
correlation
between
scores
total
energy
attained
over
fMRI.
Across
all
instantiations,
group
frequent
states
higher
assessed
mixed
effects
model.
An
example
MEM
instance
investigated
further
using
landscapes,
visualize
high
low
on
low-dimensional
plane,
trajectory
analysis,
quantify
evolution
throughout
this
landscape.
Both
supported
patient-control
differences
profiles.
Severity
psychopathology
correlated
positively
energy.
MEM’s
integrated
representation
systems
can
help
characterize
pathophysiology
AOS,
impairments,
psychopathology.
JAMA Network Open,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
8(1), С. e2457069 - e2457069
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025
Importance
Cannabis
use
has
increased
globally,
but
its
effects
on
brain
function
are
not
fully
known,
highlighting
the
need
to
better
determine
recent
and
long-term
activation
outcomes
of
cannabis
use.
Objective
To
examine
association
lifetime
history
heavy
with
across
a
range
functions
in
large
sample
young
adults
US.
Design,
Setting,
Participants
This
cross-sectional
study
used
data
(2017
release)
from
Human
Connectome
Project
(collected
between
August
2012
2015).
Young
(aged
22-36
years)
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI),
urine
toxicology,
were
included
analysis.
Data
analyzed
January
31
July
30,
2024.
Exposures
History
was
assessed
using
Semi-Structured
Assessment
for
Genetics
Alcoholism,
variables
diagnosis
dependence.
Individuals
grouped
as
users
if
they
had
greater
than
1000
uses,
moderate
10
999
nonusers
fewer
uses.
provided
samples
day
scanning
assess
Diagnosis
dependence
(per
Diagnostic
Statistical
Manual
Mental
Disorders,
Fourth
Edition
criteria)
also
included.
Main
Outcomes
Measures
Brain
during
each
7
tasks
administered
functional
MRI
session
(working
memory,
reward,
emotion,
language,
motor,
relational
assessment,
theory
mind).
Mean
regions
associated
primary
contrast
task
used.
The
analysis
linear
mixed-effects
regression
model
(one
per
task)
examining
mean
value.
Results
comprised
1003
(mean
[SD]
age,
28.7
[3.7]
years;
470
men
[46.9%]
533
women
[53.1%]).
A
total
63
participants
Asian
(6.3%),
137
Black
(13.7%),
762
White
(76.0%).
For
criteria,
88
(8.8%)
classified
users,
179
(17.8%)
736
(73.4%)
nonusers.
Heavy
(Cohen
d
=
−0.28
[95%
CI,
−0.50
−0.06];
false
discovery
rate
corrected
P
.02)
lower
working
memory
task.
Regions
anterior
insula,
medial
prefrontal
cortex,
dorsolateral
cortex.
Recent
poorer
performance
motor
tasks,
associations
did
survive
correction.
No
other
use,
or
diagnosis.
Conclusions
Relevance
In
this
adults,
These
findings
identify
negative
healthy
that
may
be
long
lasting.
Human Brain Mapping,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
46(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Adolescent‐onset
schizophrenia
(AOS)
is
relatively
rare,
under‐studied,
and
associated
with
more
severe
cognitive
impairments
poorer
outcomes
than
adult‐onset
schizophrenia.
Neuroimaging
has
shown
altered
regional
activations
(first‐order
effects)
functional
connectivity
(second‐order
in
AOS
compared
to
controls.
The
pairwise
maximum
entropy
model
(MEM)
integrates
first‐
second‐order
factors
into
a
single
quantity
called
energy,
which
inversely
related
probability
of
occurrence
brain
activity
patterns.
We
take
combinatorial
approach
study
multiple
brain‐wide
MEMs
task‐associated
components;
hundreds
independent
for
various
sub‐systems
were
fit
7
Tesla
MRI
scans.
Acquisitions
collected
from
23
individuals
53
healthy
controls
while
performing
the
Penn
Conditional
Exclusion
Test
(PCET)
executive
function,
known
be
impaired
AOS.
Accuracy
PCET
performance
was
significantly
reduced
among
A
majority
models
showed
significant
negative
correlation
between
scores
total
energy
attained
over
fMRI.
Severity
psychopathology
correlated
positively
energy.
Across
all
instantiations,
group
frequent
states
higher
assessed
mixed
effects
model.
An
example
MEM
instance
investigated
further
using
landscapes,
visualize
high
low
on
low‐dimensional
plane,
trajectory
analysis,
quantify
evolution
throughout
this
landscape.
Both
supported
patient‐control
differences
profiles.
MEM's
integrated
representation
systems
can
help
characterize
pathophysiology
AOS,
impairments,
psychopathology.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025
Abstract
Spatial
correlation
of
functional
connectivity
profiles
across
matching
anatomical
locations
in
individuals
is
often
calculated
to
delineate
individual
differences
networks.
Likewise,
spatial
assessed
average
groups
evaluate
the
maturity
networks
during
development.
Despite
its
widespread
use,
limited
comparing
two
samples
at
a
time.
In
this
study,
we
employed
variational
autoencoder
embed
from
various
locations,
individuals,
and
group
averages
for
simultaneous
comparison.
We
demonstrate
that
our
autoencoder,
with
pre-trained
weights,
can
project
new
vertex
space
latent
as
few
dimensions,
yet
still
retain
meaningful
global
local
structures
data.
Functional
occupy
distinct
compartments
space.
Moreover,
variability
same
location
readily
captured
believe
approach
could
be
useful
visualization
exploratory
analyses
precision
mapping.
The
zona
incerta
(ZI)
is
a
deep
brain
region
originally
described
by
Auguste
Forel
as
an
“immensely
confusing
area
about
which
nothing
can
be
said.”
Despite
the
elusive
nature
of
this
structure,
mounting
evidence
supports
role
ZI
and
surrounding
regions
across
diverse
range
functions
candidate
target
for
neuromodulatory
therapies.
Using
in
vivo
diffusion
MRI
data-driven
connectivity,
we
identify
topographic
organization
between
neocortex.
Specifically,
our
methods
rostral-caudal
gradient
predominantly
connecting
frontopolar
ventral
prefrontal
cortices
with
rostral
ZI,
primary
sensorimotor
caudal
ZI.
Moreover,
demonstrate
how
clustering
approaches
build
complementary
including
facilitating
mapping
central
connected
dorsal
cortex.
These
results
were
shown
to
replicable
multiple
datasets
at
individual
subject
level,
building
important
mediating
frontal
lobe-associated
tasks,
ranging
from
motor
cognitive
emotional
control.
Finally,
consider
impact
on
refinement
targets.
pave
way
increasingly
detailed
understanding
substructures,
considerations
targeting
neuromodulation.
The
zona
incerta
(ZI)
is
a
deep
brain
region
originally
described
by
Auguste
Forel
as
an
“immensely
confusing
area
about
which
nothing
can
be
said.”
Despite
the
elusive
nature
of
this
structure,
mounting
evidence
supports
role
ZI
and
surrounding
regions
across
diverse
range
functions
candidate
target
for
neuromodulatory
therapies.
Using
in
vivo
diffusion
MRI
data-driven
connectivity,
we
identify
topographic
organization
between
neocortex.
Specifically,
our
methods
rostral-caudal
gradient
predominantly
connecting
frontopolar
ventral
prefrontal
cortices
with
rostral
ZI,
primary
sensorimotor
caudal
ZI.
Moreover,
demonstrate
how
clustering
approaches
build
complementary
including
facilitating
mapping
central
connected
dorsal
cortex.
These
results
were
shown
to
replicable
multiple
datasets
at
individual
subject
level,
building
important
mediating
frontal
lobe-associated
tasks,
ranging
from
motor
cognitive
emotional
control.
Finally,
consider
impact
on
refinement
targets.
pave
way
increasingly
detailed
understanding
substructures,
considerations
targeting
neuromodulation.
