The planetary role of seagrass conservation

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(6606), С. 609 - 613

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2022

Seagrasses are remarkable plants that have adapted to live in a marine environment. They form extensive meadows found globally bioengineer their local environments and preserve the coastal seascape. With increasing realization of planetary emergency we face, there is growing interest using seagrasses as nature-based solution for greenhouse gas mitigation. However, seagrass sensitivity stressors acute, many places, risk loss degradation persists. If ecological state remains compromised, then ability contribute solutions climate biodiversity crisis doubt. We examine major role play how rethinking conservation critical understanding part fighting our emergency.

Язык: Английский

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Carbon Removal Using Coastal Blue Carbon Ecosystems Is Uncertain and Unreliable, With Questionable Climatic Cost-Effectiveness

Frontiers in Climate, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 4

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2022

Mangrove forests, seagrass meadows and tidal saltmarshes are vegetated coastal ecosystems that accumulate store large quantities of carbon in their sediments. Many recent studies reviews have favorably identified the potential for such “blue carbon” to provide a natural climate solution two ways: by conservation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions arising from loss degradation habitats, restoration, increase dioxide drawdown its long-term storage. The focus here is on latter, assessing feasibility achieving quantified secure removal (negative emissions) through restoration vegetation. Seven issues affect reliability accounting this approach considered: high variability burial rates; errors determining lateral transport; fluxes methane nitrous oxide; carbonate formation dissolution; vulnerability future change; non-climatic factors. Information costs also reviewed, with conclusion highly uncertain, lower-range estimates unrealistic wider application. CO 2 using blue therefore has questionable cost-effectiveness when considered only as mitigation action, either carbon-offsetting or inclusion Nationally Determined Contributions. important relating measurement storage yet be resolved, affecting certification resulting over-crediting. nevertheless advantageous adaptation, protection, food provision biodiversity conservation. Such action can societally justified very many circumstances, based multiple benefits habitats at local scale.

Язык: Английский

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Tackling the mangrove restoration challenge

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(10), С. e3001836 - e3001836

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2022

Mangroves have been converted and degraded for decades. Rates of loss declined over the past decades, but achieving resilient coastlines requires both conservation restoration. Here, we outline challenges global restoration mangroves what actions could enhance Ambitious targets mangrove restoration, if successful, deliver benefits carbon sequestration, fisheries production, biodiversity, coastal protection. However, large-scale planting efforts often failed, smaller projects may not landscape-scale benefits, even though they are more suited to community management. Solutions include reducing risks large increasing uptake effectiveness projects. Sustainable investment in capacity building communities institutions, mechanisms match opportunities with prospective supporters investors. Global reporting standards will support adaptive management help fully understand monitor

Язык: Английский

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Capitalizing on the global financial interest in blue carbon

PLOS Climate, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 1(8), С. e0000061 - e0000061

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2022

Natural climate solutions are crucial interventions to help countries and companies achieve their net-zero carbon emissions ambitions. Blue ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrasses, tidal marshes have attracted particular attention for ability sequester store at densities that can far exceed other ecosystems. The science of blue is now clear, there substantial interest from individuals who wish offset greenhouse gas they cannot otherwise reduce. We characterise the rapid recent rise in corporate sector highlight huge scale demand (potentially $10 billion or more) investors. discuss why, despite this demand, supply credits remains small. Several market-related challenges currently limit implementation projects sale resulting credits, including cost burden verification compared verifying ecosystems, general small current projects, double counting between commercial national institutions. To overcome these challenges, we supplementary financial instruments beyond credit trading may also be viable fund conservation restoration coastal habitats, bonds ecosystem service insurance. Ultimately, a portfolio will needed order generate funding streams reliable enough realise potential natural solution.

Язык: Английский

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Carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation using macroalgae: a state of knowledge review

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 98(6), С. 1945 - 1971

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2023

The conservation, restoration, and improved management of terrestrial forests significantly contributes to mitigate climate change its impacts, as well providing numerous co-benefits. pressing need reduce emissions increase carbon removal from the atmosphere is now also leading development natural solutions in ocean. Interest sequestration potential underwater macroalgal growing rapidly among policy, corporate sectors. Yet, our understanding whether can lead tangible mitigation remains severely limited, hampering their inclusion international policy or finance frameworks. Here, we examine results over 180 publications synthesise evidence regarding forest potential. We show that research efforts on macroalgae are heavily skewed towards particulate organic (POC) pathways (77% data publications), fixation most studied flux (55%). Fluxes directly (e.g. export burial marine sediments) remain poorly resolved, likely hindering regional country-level assessments potential, which only available 17 150 countries where occur. To solve this issue, present a framework categorize coastlines according Finally, review multiple avenues through translate into capacity, largely depends interventions above baseline avoid further emissions. find restoration afforestation potentially order 10's Tg C globally. Although lower than current estimates value all habitats (61-268 year-1 ), it suggests could add total coastal blue ecosystems, offer valuable opportunities polar temperate areas currently low. Operationalizing will necessitate models reliably estimate proportion production sequestered, improvements fingerprinting techniques, rethinking accounting methodologies. ocean provides major adapt change, largest vegetated habitat Earth should not be ignored simply because does fit existing

Язык: Английский

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It's time to broaden what we consider a ‘blue carbon ecosystem’

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract Photoautotrophic marine ecosystems can lock up organic carbon in their biomass and the associated sediments they trap over millennia are thus regarded as blue ecosystems. Because of ability to for millennia, is receiving much attention within United Nations' 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development a nature‐based solution (NBS) climate change, but classically still focuses on seagrass meadows, mangrove forests, tidal marshes. However, other coastal could also be important storage, remain largely neglected both cycling budgets NBS strategic planning. Using meta‐analysis 253 research publications, we identify ecosystems—including mud flats, fjords, coralline algal (rhodolith) beds, some components or coral reef systems—with strong capacity act sinks certain situations. Features that promote burial these ‘non‐classical’ included: (1) balancing release by calcification via uptake at individual ecosystem levels; (2) high rates allochthonous supply because particle trapping capacity; (3) preservation low remineralization rates; (4) location depositional environments. Some features context‐dependent, meaning were locations, not others. Therefore, provide universal framework evaluate likelihood given behave sink context. Overall, this paper seeks encourage consideration non‐classical strategies, allowing more complete accounting.

Язык: Английский

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Carbon export from seaweed forests to deep ocean sinks

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(6), С. 552 - 559

Опубликована: Май 22, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review of mangrove restoration studies in Southeast Asia: Challenges and opportunities for the United Nation’s Decade on Ecosystem Restoration

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2022

Mangroves provide valuable ecological and socio-economic services. The importance of mangroves is particularly evident in Southeast (SE) Asia where the most extensive diverse forests are found. To recover degraded mangroves, several SE Asian countries have implemented restoration programs. However, to date, there has been no systematic quantitative synthesis on mangrove studies region. Here, we a bibliometric-based analysis understanding trends future directions needed meet biodiversity targets Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, analyzed 335 articles (249 with attributes; 86 social attributes) published until February 2022 from Scopus Web Science databases. Mangrove attributes started around early 1990s mostly Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines. Majority stronger collaboration western rather than within Reasons vary per country, but were intended rehabilitate damaged mangroves. Direct planting was common method used while hydrological rehabilitation less practiced. Research dominated by biodiversity-related focused flora fauna, other ecosystem services (e.g., coastal protection, fisheries production, etc.). Studies only accounted <30% publications, topics related economics. Although apparent, some thematic foci needed. We propose priority research help achieve 2030.

Язык: Английский

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Achieving the Kunming–Montreal global biodiversity targets for blue carbon ecosystems

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(7), С. 538 - 552

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Carbon storage potential and influencing factors of mangrove plantation in Kaozhouyang, Guangdong Province, South China

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025

Mangrove plantation is a fundamental approach for the sustainable management of tropical and subtropical coasts to capture store atmospheric carbon. However, it unknown whether carbon accumulation potential planted mangroves as much that natural mangroves. Moreover, effects tree species, forest age, hydrodynamic conditions on storage are still unclear. This study investigated influencing factors in Kaozhouyang, Huidong County, Guangdong Province. The Vegetation stock was calculated by community parameters collected from field investigation, ecosystem sum vegetation sediment. results showed mangrove significantly increased soil (vegetation = 9.9645.06 t C/ha; 70.37-110.64 C/ha) compared with nonvegetation mudflat (63.73 C/ha). planting sites lower than Avicennia marina (282.86 C/ha), significant difference mainly reflected (p < 0.05). Further revealed affected tidal level. biomass/carbon gradually age 0.05), but not stock, which indicated concentrated at early stage restoration. In addition, suitable habitat (landward) fast-growing species ( Sonneratia apetala ) more beneficial accumulation. Our suggest plantations can achieve sequestration increasing sinks selection management.

Язык: Английский

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