Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in Children

PEDIATRICS, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 153(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant medical, social, and economic impacts globally, both in the short long term. Although most individuals recover within a few days or weeks from an acute infection, some experience longer lasting effects. Data regarding postacute sequelae of severe respiratory syndrome 2 infection (PASC) children, COVID, are only just emerging literature. These symptoms conditions may reflect persistent (eg, cough, headaches, fatigue, loss taste smell), new like dizziness, exacerbation underlying conditions. Children develop de novo, including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue autoimmune multisystem inflammatory children. This state-of-the-art narrative review provides summary our current knowledge about PASC prevalence, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical characteristics, mechanisms, functional outcomes, as well conceptual framework for based on National Institutes Health definition. We highlight pediatric components Health-funded Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery Initiative, which seeks characterize natural history, long-term health effects children young adults inform future treatment prevention efforts. initiatives include electronic record cohorts, offer rapid assessments at scale with geographical demographic diversity, longitudinal prospective observational estimate burden, illness trajectory, pathobiology, manifestations outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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A retrospective cohort study on early antibiotic use in vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID‐19 patients

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 96(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract The bacteriophage behavior of SARS‐CoV‐2 during the acute and post‐COVID‐19 phases appears to be an important factor in development disease. early use antibiotics seems crucial inhibit disease progression—to prevent viral replication gut microbiome, control toxicological production from human microbiome. To study impact specific on recovery COVID‐19 long COVID (LC) taking into account: vaccination status, comorbidities, wave, time initiation antibiotic therapy concomitant corticosteroids nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A total 211 patients were included study: which 59 vaccinated with mRNA vaccines against while 152 unvaccinated. Patients enrolled three waves: September 2020 October 2022, corresponding emergence pre‐Delta, Delta, Omicron variants virus. criteria for enrolling were: oropharyngeal swab positivity or fecal findings; moderate symptoms intake; measurement blood oxygen saturation period illness. combinations, such as amoxicillin clavulanic acid (875 + 125 mg tablets, every 12 h) plus rifaximin (400 tablets h), first choice, suggested previous data, azithromycin (500 24 above, allows healthcare professionals focus microbiome its implications patient care. primary outcome measured this was estimated average treatment effect, quantified difference mean between receiving those not at 3 9 days after start treatment. In analysis, both unvaccinated groups had a median illness duration 7 (interquartile range [IQR] 6–9 each; crude hazard ratio [HR] = 0.94, p 0.700). pre‐Delta Delta waves 8 (IQR 7–10 days), it shorter, 6.5 days, 6–8 days; HR 1.71, < 0.001). These results confirmed by multivariate analysis. comorbidities significantly longer duration: days) compared without (crude 0.75, 0.038), but result analysis statistical significance lost. Early resulted shorter 4.74, Concomitant NSAIDs did reduce prolonged ( 0.041). subgroup 42 3–6 (median IQR 8–10 others 0.542, 0.001), also adjusted HR. study, statistically significant reduction observed among who received played role maintaining higher levels saturation. addition, is worth noting that number phase develop LC.

Язык: Английский

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Convergent Evolution Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV Surface Envelope Glycoproteins Driven by Host Cell Surface Receptors and Lipid Rafts: Lessons for the Future

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(3), С. 1923 - 1923

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2023

Although very different, in terms of their genomic organization, enzymatic proteins, and structural HIV SARS-CoV-2 have an extraordinary evolutionary potential common. Faced with various selection pressures that may be generated by treatments or immune responses, these RNA viruses demonstrate high adaptive capacities, which result the continuous emergence variants quasi-species. In this retrospective analysis viral ensuring adhesion to plasma membrane host cells, we highlight many common points suggest convergent mechanisms evolution. first recognize a lipid raft microdomain acts as landing strip for particles on cell surface. case mucosal are primary targets both viruses, microdomains enriched anionic glycolipids (gangliosides) forming global electronegative field. Both use rafts surf surface search protein receptor able trigger fusion process. This implies envelope proteins geometrically electrically compatible biomolecules they select invade cells. present study, identify electrostatic critical parameter controlling evolution dynamics HIV-1 discuss impact phenotypic properties viruses. The virological data accumulated since early 1980s should help us face future virus pandemics.

Язык: Английский

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Who Is the Intermediate Host of RNA Viruses? A Study Focusing on SARS-CoV-2 and Poliovirus

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(4), С. 643 - 643

Опубликована: Март 23, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked a surge in research on microbiology and virology, shedding light overlooked aspects such as the infection of bacteria by RNA virions animal microbiome. Studies reveal decrease beneficial gut during COVID-19, indicating significant interaction between SARS-CoV-2 human However, determining origins virus remains complex, with observed phenomena species jumps adding layers to narrative. Prokaryotic cells play crucial role disease’s pathogenesis transmission. Analyzing previous studies highlights intricate interactions from clinical manifestations use nitrogen isotope test. Drawing parallels history Poliovirus underscores need prioritize investigations into prokaryotic hosting viruses.

Язык: Английский

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The first report on detecting SARS-CoV-2 inside bacteria of the human gut microbiome: A case series on asymptomatic family members and a child with COVID-19

F1000Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11, С. 135 - 135

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2024

Many studies report the importance of using feces as source sample for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 symptoms but who are negative to oropharyngeal/ nasopharyngeal tests. Here, we case an asymptomatic child whose family members had results rapid antigen swab The 21-month-old presented fever, diarrhea, bilateral conjunctivitis, and conspicuous lacrimation. In this study, analysis presence fecal samples by Luminex technology allowed accurate detection viral RNA all her relatives, which thus resulted be positive asymptomatic. It is first time that SARS-CoV-2- observed inside bacteria human gut microbiome outside a matrix resembling extracellular bacterial lysates, agreement bacteriophage mechanism images obtained transmission electron microscopy (TEM), post-embedding immunogold, fluorescence microscope. addition typical observations respiratory symptoms, evaluation clinical gastrointestinal neurological combined efficient highly sensitive molecular testing on feces, represent approach SARS-CoV-2, providing correct therapy challenging cases, like one here reported.

Язык: Английский

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Toxin-like Peptides from the Bacterial Cultures Derived from Gut Microbiome Infected by SARS-CoV-2—New Data for a Possible Role in the Long COVID Pattern

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(1), С. 87 - 87

Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2022

It has been 3 years since the beginning of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, however it is as yet little known how to care for acute COVID-19 and long COVID patients. clinical manifestations are both pulmonary extra-pulmonary types. Extra-pulmonary ones include extreme tiredness (fatigue), shortness breath, muscle aches, hyposmia, dysgeusia, other neurological manifestations. In autoimmune diseases, such Parkinson's disease (PD) or Alzheimer's Disease (AD), well that role acetylcholine crucial in olfactory dysfunction. We have already observed presence toxin-like peptides plasma, urine, faecal samples from patients, which very similar molecules alter signaling. After observing production these bacterial cultures, we performed additional proteomics analyses better understand their behavior reported extended data our latest vitro experiment. seems gut microbiome continues produce also after decrease RNA viral load at molecular tests. These toxicological interactions between gut/human bacteria virus suggest a new scenario study symptoms discussed bacteriophage behavior, toxins produced by continuously aggression can be blocked using an appropriate combination certain drugs.

Язык: Английский

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The importance of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2023

Zhou et al. study nicely traces a significant topic in COVID-19 infection: the persistence of virus within intestinal tract. Many pathological mechanisms have been noted current literature about mode infection and propagation SARS-CoV-2 human body. Nevertheless, there are still many concerns this: only some things seem well understood. We present different point view by illustrating importance gut microbiome pathogenesis disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Human‐based new approach methodologies to accelerate advances in nutrition research

Food Frontiers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(3), С. 1031 - 1062

Опубликована: Март 5, 2024

Abstract Much of nutrition research has been conventionally based on the use simplistic in vitro systems or animal models, which have extensively employed an effort to better understand relationships between diet and complex diseases as well evaluate food safety. Although these models undeniably contributed increase our mechanistic understanding basic biological processes, they do not adequately model human physiopathological phenomena, creating concerns about translatability humans. During last decade, extraordinary advancement stem cell culturing, three‐dimensional cultures, sequencing technologies, computer science occurred, originated a wealth novel human‐based more physiologically relevant tools. These tools, also known “new approach methodologies,” comprise patient‐derived organoids, organs‐on‐chip, multi‐omics approach, along with computational analysis, represent innovative exciting tools forward from human‐biology‐oriented perspective. After considering some shortcomings conventional vivo approaches, here we describe main available emerging that are appropriate for designing human‐relevant research. Our aim is encourage discussion opportunity explore paths promote paradigm‐change toward biology‐focused nutritional pathophysiology, products, develop effective targeted preventive therapeutic strategies while helping reducing number replacing animals

Язык: Английский

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The synergistic role of viral infection and immune response in the pathogenesis of facial palsy

Journal of NeuroVirology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 15, 2025

Abstract Facial palsy refers to facial muscle paralysis and is typically brought about by viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), zoster (VZV), SARS-CoV-2. While significant progress has been achieved in pathogenesis, mechanisms of infection-immunity synergy are yet be revealed. The authors this article made an attempt fill gap critically summarizing how infection causes inflammation damage the nerve through immune response mechanism pathogenesis. We also summarize current treatment modalities their respective efficacies. set conditions under which infections caused HSV-1, VZV, SARS-CoV-2, HIV, EBV lead viruses infect nerve, initiate response, cause death. impact involved direct invasion neurons, evasion induction neuroinflammation. review discusses primary role T cells, B cells innate inducing or relieving condition. study emphasizes need understand synergic effect immuneresponse foundation creation more potent therapeutic strategies. paper provides a detailed overview complex interaction with level importance regarding future research clinical application.

Язык: Английский

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Chemical conjugation to differentiate monosaccharides by Raman and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

The Analyst, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 148(9), С. 2035 - 2044

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Sugars play important roles in numerous biological processes, from providing energy to modifying proteins alter their function. Glycosylation, the attachment of a sugar residue protein, is most common post translational modification. Identifying glycans on protein useful tool both for pharmaceutical development as well probing proteome and glycome further. Sugars, however, are difficult analytes probe due isomeric nature. In this work, Raman spectroscopy surface enhanced (SERS) used identify different monosaccharide species based vibrational modes these analytes. The weak scattering sugars was overcome through conjugation with phenylboronic acid provide larger cross section induce slight changes observed spectra associated structure monosaccharides. Spontaneous Raman, SERS flow, static detection were performed order discriminate between arabinose, fructose, galactose, glucose, mannose, ribose, method identification quantification conjugates.

Язык: Английский

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