An
unprecedented
study
was
carried
out
in
the
megacity
of
Luanda,
Angola,
involving
daily
sampling
particulate
matter
(PM10)
from
June
to
November
2023.
The
analysis
focused
on
detection
56
metal(loid)s
and
complemented
by
application
several
contamination
health
risk
indices.
PM10
levels
ranged
23.6
108
µg/m3,
averaging
59.3
exceeding
WHO's
24-hour
guideline
83%
days.
In
addition
crustal
elements,
most
abundant
constituents
were
Zn
(159
ng/m3),
Ba
(43.2
Pb
(17.8
Cu
(10.5
Sr
(7.0
Ni
(4.5
Sb
(3.7
ng/m3)
Cr
(3.5
ng/m3).
Mineral
dust,
primarily
unpaved
roads
local
soils,
accounted
for
31
wt.%
PM10,
while
sea
salt
contributed
6%.
Geochemical
markers
(e.g.,
Ce-La-V
relationships)
suggest
that
vanadium
originates
predominantly
upper
crust
weathering.
Elemental
ratios
such
as
Fe/Cu,
Cu/Sb,
Zn/Sb
indicate
significant
contributions
traffic-related
emissions
brake
tyre
wear)
industrial
sources.
Sulphur,
an
important
component,
likely
stems
fossil
fuel
combustion
petroleum
refining.
Luanda
experiences
severe
air
pollution,
with
high
inputs
Sb,
Cd,
Zn,
other
elements
linked
traffic,
emissions,
biomass
burning.
extremely
ecological
(RI
=
4363
±
2439)
highlights
critical
contamination,
driven
Cd
Nemerow
index
(1985
1526)
underscores
urgent
public
concerns.
Non-cancer
hazard
indices
(HI)
exceeded
safe
thresholds
children
(2.3)
adults
(2.2),
Fe,
Mn,
Be,
Pb,
Ni,
Co,
identified
key
contributors.
Carcinogenic
risks
inhalation
also
acceptable
levels,
emphasising
need
targeted
pollution
mitigation
strategies.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
927, С. 171153 - 171153
Опубликована: Март 7, 2024
About
3
billion
new
tires
are
produced
each
year
and
about
800
million
become
waste
annually.
Global
dependence
upon
from
natural
rubber
petroleum-based
compounds
represents
a
persistent
complex
environmental
problem
with
only
partial
often-times,
ineffective
solutions.
Tire
emissions
may
be
in
the
form
of
whole
tires,
tire
particles,
chemical
compounds,
which
is
transported
through
various
atmospheric,
terrestrial,
aquatic
routes
built
environments.
Production
use
generates
multiple
heavy
metals,
plastics,
PAH's,
other
that
can
toxic
alone
or
as
cocktails.
Used
require
storage
space,
energy
intensive
to
recycle,
generally
have
few
post-wear
uses
not
also
potential
sources
pollutants
(e.g.,
crumb
rubber,
pavements,
burning).
particles
emitted
during
major
component
microplastics
urban
runoff
source
unique
highly
potent
substances.
Thus,
represent
ubiquitous
pollutant
requires
comprehensive
examination
develop
effective
management
remediation.
We
approach
issue
pollution
holistically
by
examining
life
cycle
across
production,
emissions,
recycling,
disposal.
In
this
paper,
we
synthesize
recent
research
data
human
health
risks
associated
use,
disposal
discuss
gaps
our
knowledge
fate
transport,
well
toxicology
leachates.
examine
remediation
approaches
for
addressing
exposure
tires.
consider
three
levels:
their
state,
particulates,
mixture
Finally,
information
understanding
outline
key
questions
improve
ability
manage
remediate
pollution.
