Journal of Building Engineering,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
64, С. 105599 - 105599
Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2022
In
the
past
few
years,
significant
efforts
have
been
made
to
investigate
transmission
of
COVID-19.
This
paper
provides
a
review
COVID-19
airborne
modeling
and
mitigation
strategies.
The
simulation
models
here
are
classified
into
infectious
risk
numerical
approaches
for
spatiotemporal
transmissions.
Mathematical
descriptions
assumptions
on
which
these
based
discussed.
Input
data
used
in
previous
studies
assess
dispersion
extracted
reported.
Moreover,
measurements
performed
study
within
indoor
environments
introduced
support
validations
anticipated
future
studies.
Transmission
strategies
recommended
recent
include
modifying
occupancy
ventilation
operations,
using
filters
air
purifiers,
installing
ultraviolet
(UV)
disinfection
systems,
personal
protection
compliance,
such
as
wearing
masks
social
distancing.
application
various
building
types,
educational,
office,
public,
residential,
hospital,
is
reviewed.
Recommendations
works
also
discussed
current
apparent
knowledge
gaps
covering
both
approaches.
Our
findings
show
that
different
measures
were
environments;
however,
there
no
conclusive
work
reporting
their
combined
effects
level
may
be
achieved.
further
should
conducted
understand
better
balance
between
mitigating
viral
transmissions
buildings
energy
consumption.
PLoS Computational Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(3), С. e1011956 - e1011956
Опубликована: Март 28, 2024
SARS-CoV-2
transmission
in
indoor
spaces,
where
most
infection
events
occur,
depends
on
the
types
and
duration
of
human
interactions,
among
others.
Understanding
how
these
behaviours
interface
with
virus
characteristics
to
drive
pathogen
dictate
outcomes
non-pharmaceutical
interventions
is
important
for
informed
safe
use
spaces.
To
better
understand
complex
we
developed
Pedestrian
Dynamics-Virus
Spread
model
(PeDViS),
an
individual-based
that
combines
pedestrian
behaviour
models
spread
incorporating
direct
indirect
routes.
We
explored
relationships
between
exposure
duration,
distance,
respiratory
behaviour,
environment
which
interactions
infected
uninfected
individuals
took
place
compared
this
benchmark
'at
risk'
(1.5
metres
15
minutes).
When
considering
aerosol
transmission,
adhering
distancing
measures
may
be
at
risk
due
buildup
airborne
when
spend
prolonged
time
indoors.
In
our
restaurant
case,
guests
seated
tables
near
were
limited
but
could,
particularly
poorly
ventilated
places,
experience
risks
surpass
interactions.
Combining
target
different
routes
can
aid
accumulating
impact,
instance
by
combining
ventilation
face
masks.
The
impact
such
combined
relative
importance
routes,
hard
disentangle
highly
context
dependent.
This
uncertainty
should
considered
assessing
upon
illustrated
multi-dimensionality
emerges
from
interplay
viruses.
A
modelling
strategy
incorporates
assessments
help
inform
policy
makers
citizens
spaces
varying
inter-human
Abstract
Since
the
start
of
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID‐19)
pandemic,
new
variants
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS‑CoV‑2)
have
emerged,
accelerating
spread
virus.
Omicron
was
defined
by
World
Health
Organization
in
November
2021
as
fifth
“variant
concern”
after
Alpha,
Beta,
Gamma,
and
Delta.
In
recent
months,
has
become
main
epidemic
strain.
Studies
shown
that
carries
more
mutations
than
Delta,
wild‐type,
facilitating
immune
escape
its
transmission.
This
review
focuses
on
variant's
origin,
transmission,
biological
features,
subvariants,
mutations,
escape,
vaccination,
detection
methods.
We
also
discuss
appropriate
preventive
therapeutic
measures
should
be
taken
to
address
challenges
posed
variant.
is
valuable
guide
surveillance,
prevention,
development
vaccines
other
therapies
for
variants.
It
desirable
develop
a
efficient
vaccine
against
variant
take
effective
constrain
promote
public
health.
