Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(5), С. 505 - 505
Опубликована: Май 6, 2025
This
study
aimed
to
identify
the
cytokine
expression
profile
in
prostate
cancer
(PCa)
patients
compared
healthy
individuals.
Plasma
samples
from
75
PCa
and
14
controls
were
analyzed
using
Multiplex
ELISA
(Luminex)
measure
levels
of
12
cytokines:
IL-4,
IL-5,
IL-6,
IL-10,
IL-1β,
IL-17A,
IL-12p70,
MCP-1/CCL2,
MIP-1α/CCL3,
MIP-1β/CCL4,
TNF-α,
IFN-γ.
Differences
Mann–Whitney
test,
Wilcoxon’s
rank-sum
Spearman’s
rank
correlation,
K-means
Clustering
unsupervised
machine
learning
validate
patterns.
In
patients,
IFN-γ,
interleukins
exhibited
significantly
higher
levels;
conversely,
TNF-α
MCP-1/CCL2
both
had
decreased
The
clustering
analysis
confirmed
that
exclusively
exhibit
highest
associations
with
IFN-
γ,
IL-5.
Furthermore,
specific
correlations
between
IL-4
MIP-1
beta,
IFN-gamma,
IL-5
IFN-gamma
did
not
occur
Such
results
will
guide
forthcoming
vitro
vivo
human
cancer-drug
treatment
models,
paving
way
for
exploration
future
drug
targets
candidates
potential
predict
FDA-approved
responses
by
targeting
oncogenesis
pathways.
Abstract
Given
that
hypoxia
is
a
persistent
physiological
feature
of
many
different
solid
tumors
and
key
driver
for
cancer
malignancy,
it
thought
to
be
major
target
in
treatment
recently.
Tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs)
are
the
most
abundant
immune
cells
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
which
have
large
impact
on
development
immunotherapy.
TAMs
massively
accumulate
within
hypoxic
regions.
represent
deadly
combination
because
has
been
suggested
induce
pro-tumorigenic
macrophage
phenotype.
Hypoxia
not
only
directly
affects
polarization,
but
also
an
indirect
effect
by
altering
communication
between
macrophages.
For
example,
can
influence
expression
chemokines
exosomes,
both
profound
impacts
recipient
cells.
Recently,
demonstrated
intricate
interaction
TME
relevant
poor
prognosis
increased
malignancy.
However,
there
no
comprehensive
literature
reviews
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
hypoxia-mediated
TAMs.
Therefore,
this
review
aim
collect
all
recently
available
data
topic
provide
insights
developing
novel
therapeutic
strategies
reducing
effects
hypoxia.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Abstract
Combining
existing
drug
therapy
is
essential
in
developing
new
therapeutic
agents
disease
prevention
and
treatment.
In
preclinical
investigations,
combined
effect
of
certain
known
drugs
has
been
well
established
treating
extensive
human
diseases.
Attributed
to
synergistic
effects
by
targeting
various
pathways
advantages,
such
as
reduced
administration
dose,
decreased
toxicity,
alleviated
resistance,
combinatorial
treatment
now
being
pursued
delivering
combat
major
clinical
illnesses,
cancer,
atherosclerosis,
pulmonary
hypertension,
myocarditis,
rheumatoid
arthritis,
inflammatory
bowel
disease,
metabolic
disorders
neurodegenerative
Combinatorial
involves
combining
or
co-delivering
two
more
for
a
specific
disease.
Nanoparticle
(NP)-mediated
delivery
systems,
i.e.,
liposomal
NPs,
polymeric
NPs
nanocrystals,
are
great
interest
wide
range
due
targeted
delivery,
extended
release,
higher
stability
avoid
rapid
clearance
at
infected
areas.
This
review
summarizes
targets
diseases,
clinically
approved
combinations
the
development
multifunctional
emphasizes
strategies
based
on
severe
Ultimately,
we
discuss
challenging
NP-codelivery
translation
provide
potential
approaches
address
limitations.
offers
comprehensive
overview
recent
cutting-edge
NP-mediated
combination
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
18(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025
The
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
is
integral
to
cancer
progression,
impacting
metastasis
and
treatment
response.
It
consists
of
diverse
cell
types,
extracellular
matrix
components,
signaling
molecules
that
interact
promote
growth
therapeutic
resistance.
Elucidating
the
intricate
interactions
between
cells
TME
crucial
in
understanding
progression
challenges.
A
critical
process
induced
by
epithelial-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT),
wherein
epithelial
acquire
mesenchymal
traits,
which
enhance
their
motility
invasiveness
progression.
By
targeting
various
components
TME,
novel
investigational
strategies
aim
disrupt
TME's
contribution
EMT,
thereby
improving
efficacy,
addressing
resistance,
offering
a
nuanced
approach
therapy.
This
review
scrutinizes
key
players
emphasizing
avenues
therapeutically
components.
Moreover,
article
discusses
implications
for
resistance
mechanisms
highlights
current
toward
modulation
along
with
potential
caveats.
Abstract
KRAS
is
one
of
the
most
mutated
genes,
driving
alternations
in
metabolic
pathways
that
include
enhanced
nutrient
uptaking,
increased
glycolysis,
elevated
glutaminolysis,
and
heightened
synthesis
fatty
acids
nucleotides.
However,
beyond
mechanisms
KRAS-modulated
cancer
metabolisms
remain
incompletely
understood.
In
this
review,
we
aim
to
summarize
current
knowledge
on
KRAS-related
alterations
cells
explore
prevalence
significance
mutation
shaping
tumor
microenvironment
influencing
epigenetic
modification
via
various
molecular
activities.
Given
rely
these
changes
sustain
cell
growth
survival,
targeting
processes
may
represent
a
promising
therapeutic
strategy
for
KRAS-driven
cancers.
Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
29(1)
Опубликована: Май 14, 2024
Abstract
Reproductive
cancers
are
malignancies
that
develop
in
the
reproductive
organs.
One
of
leading
affecting
male
system
on
a
global
scale
is
prostate
cancer
(PCa).
The
negative
consequences
PCa
metastases
endure
and
severe,
significantly
mortality
life
quality
for
those
who
affected.
association
between
inflammation
has
captured
interest
while.
Inflammatory
cells,
cytokines,
CXC
chemokines,
signaling
pathways,
other
elements
make
up
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
which
characterized
by
inflammation.
cytokines
chemokines
especially
crucial
development
prognosis.
Cytokines
(interleukins)
such
as
IL-1,
IL-6,
IL-7,
IL-17,
TGF-β,
TNF-α,
CXCL1–CXCL6,
CXCL8–CXCL16
thought
to
be
responsible
pleiotropic
effects
PCa,
include
inflammation,
progression,
angiogenesis,
leukocyte
infiltration
advanced
therapeutic
resistance.
inflammatory
cytokine
systems
also
promising
candidates
suppression
immunotherapy.
Therefore,
purpose
this
work
provide
insight
how
spectra
evolve
develops
spreads.
We
discussed
recent
developments
our
awareness
diverse
molecular
pathways
these
circulating
well
their
associated
receptors,
may
one
day
serve
PCa-targeted
therapies.
Moreover,
current
status
potential
theranostic
therapies
based
receptors
(CXCRs)
examined.
Biomarker Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Март 5, 2025
The
tumour
microenvironment
is
the
"hotbed"
of
cells,
providing
abundant
extracellular
support
for
growth
and
metastasis.
However,
not
static
constantly
remodelled
by
a
variety
cellular
components,
including
through
mechanical,
biological
chemical
means
to
promote
Focal
adhesion
plays
an
important
role
in
cell-extracellular
matrix
adhesion.
An
in-depth
exploration
focal
metastasis,
especially
their
contribution
at
biomechanical
level,
direction
current
research.
In
this
review,
we
first
summarize
assembly
adhesions
explore
kinetics
cells.
Then,
describe
detail
various
stages
its
key
functions
cell
migration,
invasion,
remodelling.
Finally,
anti-tumour
strategies
targeting
progress
development
some
inhibitors
against
proteins.
paper,
time
that
play
positive
feedback
pro-tumour
metastatic
remodelling
summarizing
five
processes
multidimensional
way.
It
beneficial
researchers
have
deeper
understanding
behaviour
metastasis
potential
as
therapeutic
target,
new
ideas
prevention
treatment
metastases.
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(4), С. 1446 - 1446
Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2023
Prostate
cancer
is
the
most
commonly
diagnosed
in
men
worldwide,
making
up
21%
of
all
cases.
With
345,000
deaths
per
year
owing
to
disease,
there
an
urgent
need
optimize
prostate
care.
This
systematic
review
collated
and
synthesized
findings
completed
Phase
III
clinical
trials
administering
immunotherapy;
a
current
trial
index
(2022)
ongoing
I-III
records
was
also
formulated.
A
total
four
with
3588
participants
were
included
DCVAC,
ipilimumab,
personalized
peptide
vaccine,
PROSTVAC
vaccine.
In
this
original
research
article,
promising
results
seen
for
ipilimumab
intervention,
improved
overall
survival
trends.
68
pooling
7923
included,
spanning
completion
until
June
2028.
Immunotherapy
emerging
option
patients
cancer,
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
adjuvant
therapies
forming
large
part
landscape.
various
trials,
characteristics
premises
prospective
will
be
key
improving
outcomes
future.
Rheumatology and Therapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
10(4), С. 793 - 808
Опубликована: Май 25, 2023
Rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA)
is
a
chronic
autoimmune
disease
of
unexplained
causes.
Its
pathological
features
include
synovial
tissue
hyperplasia,
inflammatory
cell
infiltration
in
joint
cavity
fluid,
cartilage
bone
destruction,
and
deformation.
C–C
motif
chemokine
ligand
3
(CCL3)
belongs
to
chemokine.
It
highly
expressed
immune
cells.
Increasingly,
studies
have
shown
that
CCL3
can
promote
the
migration
factors
tissue,
destruction
joint,
angiogenesis,
participate
pathogenesis
RA.
These
symptoms
indicate
expression
correlated
with
RA
disease.
Therefore,
this
paper
reviews
possible
mechanism
RA,
which
may
provide
some
new
insights
for
diagnosis
treatment
