On transposons and totipotency

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 375(1795), С. 20190339 - 20190339

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2020

Our perception of the role previously considered 'selfish' or 'junk' DNA has been dramatically altered in past 20 years so. A large proportion this non-coding part mammalian genomes is repetitive nature, classified as either satellites transposons. While elements can be termed selfish terms their amplification, such events have surely co-opted by host, suggesting itself a likely altruistic function for organism at subject natural selection. Indeed numerous examples transposons regulating functional output host genome documented. Transposons provide powerful framework large-scale relatively rapid concerted regulatory activities with ability to drive evolution. Mammalian totipotency emerged one key stage development which transposon-mediated regulation gene expression taken centre few years. During period, (epigenetic) reprogramming must accomplished order activate genome. In mice and men, particular element murine endogenous retrovirus leucine tRNA primer (MERVL) (and its counterpart human ERVL (HERVL)) appears acquired roles driving force process. Here, I will discuss interpret current knowledge implications regarding transposons, particularly long interspersed nuclear (LINE-1s) retroviruses (ERVs), totipotency. This article discussion meeting issue 'Crossroads between regulation'.

Язык: Английский

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Conserved features of non-primate bilaminar disc embryos and the germline

Stem Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 16(5), С. 1078 - 1092

Опубликована: Май 1, 2021

Post-implantation embryo development commences with a bilaminar disc in most mammals, including humans. Whereas access to early human embryos is limited and subject greater ethical scrutiny, studies on non-primate developing as discs offer exceptional opportunities for advances gastrulation, the germline, basis evolutionary divergence applicable development. Here, we discuss advantages of investigations pig an exemplar relevance Besides, has potential creation humanized organs xenotransplantation. Precise genetic engineering approaches, imaging, single-cell analysis are cost effective efficient, enabling research into some outstanding questions authentic models stem cells.

Язык: Английский

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Efficient derivation of transgene-free porcine induced pluripotent stem cells enables in vitro modeling of species-specific developmental timing

Stem Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(12), С. 2328 - 2343

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2023

Sus scrofa domesticus (pig) has served as a superb large mammalian model for biomedical studies because of its comparable physiology and organ size to humans. The derivation transgene-free porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (PiPSCs) will, therefore, benefit the development porcine-specific models regenerative biology medical applications. In past, this effort been hampered by lack understanding signaling milieu that stabilizes state in vitro. Here, we report PiPSCs can be efficiently derived from fibroblasts episomal vectors along with microRNA-302/367 using optimized protocols tailored species. differentiated into derivatives representing primary germ layers vitro form teratomas immunocompromised mice. Furthermore, preserve intrinsic species-specific developmental timing culture, known allochrony. This is demonstrated establishing segmentation clock that, first time, displays specific periodicity at ∼3.7 h, timescale recapitulating vivo somitogenesis. We conclude serve powerful tool modeling disease developing transplantation strategies. also anticipate they will provide insights conserved unique features on regulations pluripotency mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases: The role of human induced pluripotent stem cells and tissue engineering

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 112(8), С. 1286 - 1304

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains to be the leading cause of death globally today and therefore need for development novel therapies has become increasingly important in cardiovascular field. The mechanism(s) behind pathophysiology CVD have been laboriously investigated both stem cell bioengineering laboratories. Scientific breakthroughs paved way better mimic types interest recent years, with ability generate any type from reprogrammed human pluripotent cells. Mimicking native extracellular matrix using organic inorganic biomaterials allowed full organs recapitulated vitro. In this paper, we will review techniques biology which fruitfully combined fueled advances We provide a brief introduction CVD, reviewing some studies as related role endothelial cells dysfunction. Recent widely used discussed, providing broad overview collaboration between these two fields their overall impact on tissue engineering devices implications treatment disease.

Язык: Английский

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The use of induced pluripotent stem cells in domestic animals: a narrative review

BMC Veterinary Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2020

Abstract Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are undifferentiated characterized by the ability to differentiate into any cell type in body. iPSCs a relatively new and rapidly developing technology many fields of biology, including developmental anatomy physiology, pathology, toxicology. These have great potential research as they self-renewing with minimal ethical concerns. Protocols for their production been developed domestic animal species, which since used further our knowledge progression treatment diseases. This is valuable both veterinary medicine well prospect translation human medicine. Safety, cost, feasibility barriers this that must be considered before widespread clinical adoption. review will analyze literature pertaining derived from various species focus on iPSC characterization, applications tissue disease research, treatment.

Язык: Английский

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LCDM medium supports the derivation of bovine extended pluripotent stem cells with embryonic and extraembryonic potency in bovine–mouse chimeras from iPSCs and bovine fetal fibroblasts

FEBS Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 288(14), С. 4394 - 4411

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2021

Cattle have emerged as one of the most important domestic animals widely used for meat, milk, and fur. Derivation bovine pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be applied in drug selecting human disease modeling facilitated agriculture‐related applications such production genetically excellent cattle by gene editing. Extended PSCs (EPSCs), capable differentiating into embryonic extraembryonic parts, been generated mouse, human, pig. Whether EPSCs could generated, their chimeric competency remains unclear. This study focused on derivation using LCDM medium exploring characteristics among different species, including bovine, EPSCs. Here, (consisting hLIF, CHIR99021, (S)‐(+)‐dimethindene maleate, minocycline hydrochloride) enables from induced (iPSCs) fetal fibroblasts (BFF) with stable morphology, marker expression, vitro differentiation ability. Notably, exhibited interspecies contribution to tissues pre‐implantation blastocysts postimplantation bovine–mouse chimeras. Transcriptome analysis revealed unique molecular compared iPSCs. The similarities differences features across mouse were also described transcriptome analysis. Taken together, culture system containing chemical cocktails establishment long‐term passaging potency Our findings lay foundation generating open avenues basic research biology, medicine, agriculture. Database Gene expression data iPSCs are available GEO databases under accession number PRJNA693452.

Язык: Английский

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Nuclear transfer and the development of genetically modified/gene edited livestock

Reproduction, Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 1, 2021

The birth and adult development of “Dolly” the sheep, first mammal produced by transfer a terminally differentiated cell nucleus into an egg, provided unequivocal evidence nuclear equivalence among somatic cells. This ground-breaking experiment challenged long-standing dogma irreversible cellular differentiation that prevailed for over century enabled methodologies reversal cells, also known as reprogramming. Thanks to this new paradigm, novel alternatives regenerative medicine in humans, improved animal breeding domestic animals approaches species conservation through reproductive have emerged. Combined with incorporation tools genetic modification, these techniques promise i) transform accelerate our understanding diseases targeted therapies creation tailored models, ii) provide safe tissues organs xenotransplantation, iii) contribute preservation endangered species, iv) improve global food security whilst reducing environmental impact production. review discusses recent advances build on conceptual legacy - when combined gene editing will transformative potential medicine, biodiversity sustainable agriculture. We conclude technologies depends further fundamental translational research directed at improving efficiency safety methods.

Язык: Английский

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Cloning in action: can embryo splitting, induced pluripotency and somatic cell nuclear transfer contribute to endangered species conservation?

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 98(4), С. 1225 - 1249

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2023

ABSTRACT The term ‘cloning’ refers to the production of genetically identical individuals but has meant different things throughout history science: a natural means reproduction in bacteria, routine procedure horticulture, and an ever‐evolving gamut molecular technologies vertebrates. Mammalian cloning can be achieved through embryo splitting, somatic cell nuclear transfer, most recently, by use induced pluripotent stem cells. Several emerging biotechnologies also facilitate propagation genomes from one generation next whilst bypassing conventional reproductive processes. In this review, we examine state art available their progress species other than humans rodent models, order provide critical overview readiness relevance for application endangered animal conservation.

Язык: Английский

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Reconstructing Waddington Landscape from Cell Migration and Proliferation

Interdisciplinary Sciences Computational Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Human Models of Down Syndrome

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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