Modeling psychopathology: From data models to formal theories.

Psychological Methods, Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2021

Over the past decade, there has been a surge of empirical research investigating mental disorders as complex systems. In this article, we investigate how to best make use growing body and move field toward its fundamental aims explaining, predicting, controlling psychopathology. We first review contemporary philosophy science literature on scientific theories argue that fully achieving explanation, prediction, control requires construct formal disorders: expressed in language mathematics or computational programming language. then three routes by which one can findings (i.e., data models) theories: (a) using models themselves theories, (b) infer (c) comparing theory-implied order evaluate refine an existing theory. third approach is most promising path forward. conclude introducing abductive theory construction (AFTC) framework, informed both our methodological investigation. provides clear way forward for inform generation, development, testing domain psychopathology broader psychological science. (PsycInfo Database Record 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Язык: Английский

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Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions for Suicide Prevention: Promise, Challenges, and Future Directions

Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 85(4), С. 317 - 333

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2022

The suicide rate (currently 14 per 100,000) has barely changed in the United States over past 100 years. There is a need for new ways of preventing suicide. Further, research revealed that suicidal thoughts and behaviors factors drive them are dynamic, heterogeneous, interactive. Most existing interventions infrequent, not accessible when most needed, systematically tailored to person using their own data (e.g., from smartphone). Advances technology offer an opportunity develop may better match interactive nature behaviors. Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs), which use smartphones wearables, designed provide right type support at time by adapting changes internal states external contexts, offering promising pathway toward more effective prevention. In this review, we highlight potential JITAIs prevention, challenges ahead measurement, ethics), possible solutions these challenges.

Язык: Английский

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Mapping the timescale of suicidal thinking

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(17)

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2023

This study aims to identify the timescale of suicidal thinking, leveraging real-time monitoring data and a number different analytic approaches. Participants were 105 adults with past week thoughts who completed 42-d (total observations = 20,255). two forms assessments: traditional assessments (spaced hours apart each day) high-frequency 10 min over 1 h). We found that thinking changes rapidly. Both descriptive statistics Markov-switching models indicated elevated states lasted on average 3 h. Individuals exhibited heterogeneity in how often for long they reported our analyses suggest aspects operated timescales. Continuous-time autoregressive current intent is predictive future levels 2 h, while desire 20 Multiple has shorter duration than desire. Finally, inferences about within-person dynamics basis statistical modeling shown depend frequency at which was sampled. For example, estimated severe as 9.5 whereas shifted 1.4

Язык: Английский

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Modeling Psychopathology: From Data Models to Formal Theories

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2019

Over the past decade there has been a surge of empirical research investigating mental disorders as complex systems. In this paper, we investigate how to best make use growing body and move field toward its fundamental aims explaining, predicting, controlling psychopathology. We first review contemporary philosophy science literature on scientific theories argue that fully achieving explanation, prediction, control requires construct formal disorders: expressed in language mathematics or computational programming language. then three routes by which one can findings (i.e., data models) theories: (a) using models themselves theories, (b) infer (c) comparing theory-implied order evaluate refine an existing theory. third approach is most promising path forward. conclude introducing Abductive Formal Theory Construction (AFTC) framework, informed both our methodological investigation. provides clear way forward for inform generation, development, testing domain psychopathology broader psychological science.

Язык: Английский

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Sibling Constructs: What Are They, Why Do They Matter, and How Should You Handle Them?

Personality and Social Psychology Review, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 25(4), С. 344 - 366

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2021

Researchers often study constructs that are conceptually and/or empirically related, but distinct (i.e., “sibling constructs”). In social-personality psychology, as well psychology more generally, there is little guidance for how to deal with sibling constructs, which can result in researchers ignoring or mishandling them. this article, we start by situating the literature on jingle-jangle fallacies. Then, outline 10 conceptual and empirical criteria determining degree which, what ways, may share a relationship, using self-esteem grandiose narcissism running example. Finally, discuss strategies handling systematic transparent way. We hope procedures described here will help psychologists identify understand when why they pose problems their research, adopt ameliorate adverse effects.

Язык: Английский

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A practical introduction to using the drift diffusion model of decision-making in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and health sciences

Frontiers in Psychology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2022

Recent years have seen a rapid increase in the number of studies using evidence-accumulation models (such as drift diffusion model, DDM) fields psychology and neuroscience. These go beyond observed behavior to extract descriptions latent cognitive processes that been linked different brain substrates. Accordingly, it is important for neuroscience researchers be able understand published findings based on these models. However, many articles (and explaining) assume reader already has fairly deep understanding interest in) computational mathematical underpinnings, which may limit readers' ability results appreciate implications. The goal this article therefore provide practical introduction DDM its application behavioral data - without requiring background mathematics or modeling. discusses basic ideas underpinning DDM, explains way are normally presented evaluated. It also provides step-by-step example how implemented used an dataset, methods model validation presenting evaluating) results. Supplementary material R code all examples, along with sample dataset described text, allow interested readers replicate examples themselves. primarily targeted at psychologists, neuroscientists, health professionals experimental and/or neuroscience, who DDMs literature, well some apply approaches their own work.

Язык: Английский

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Future Directions in Understanding and Interpreting Discrepant Reports of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Youth

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 52(1), С. 134 - 146

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2022

Both the quality and utility of youth suicide research depend on how we assess our outcomes interest: suicidal thoughts behaviors (STBs). We now have access to more STB assessments than ever before, with measures for that vary in what exact experiences are asked about, such elicit information, when frequently administered, who informants are. This growing armamentarium has potential improve study treatment STBs among youth, but it hinges meaningful interpretation assessment responses. Interpretation can be especially challenging different yield conflicting information. Determining manage discrepant reports is a pivotal step toward achieving meaningfully comprehensive batteries. Here, outline several reporting patterns been detected, discuss significance these observed discrepancies, present initial steps formally investigate youth. Developing coherent, interpretable, batteries assessing would address fundamental uncovering etiology, improving clinical decision-making case management, informing intervention development, tracking prognosis.

Язык: Английский

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The use of advanced technology and statistical methods to predict and prevent suicide

Nature Reviews Psychology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(6), С. 347 - 359

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The Lancet Commission on self-harm

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 404(10461), С. 1445 - 1492

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review of the studies testing the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour

Health Psychology Review, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 25

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024

Despite the influence of integrated motivational-volitional (IMV)1 model on research and practice, supporting literature has not been systematically synthesised. This systematic review aims to synthesise testing IMV suicidal behaviour. Using citation database searching, PsycINFO, EMBASE, PubMed, Web Science, Google Scholar were searched for studies referencing (last 28th March 2023). Included empirically tested hypotheses model. Quality assessment was conducted using National Institute Health tool. Findings from 98 records (100 studies, 138,365 participants) narratively Results directly hypothesised pathways supported defeat-entrapment-suicidal ideation pathway Case–control comparing differences between control, ideation, enactment groups consistent with in univariate cross-sectional analyses. However, support mixed case–control multivariate prospective studies. Due low overlap variables studied, role specific pre-motivational phase stage-specific moderators inconclusive. The received overall good quality ratings. presents a promising framework understanding preventing suicide. Defeat, entrapment, key may be useful informing suicide prevention measures.

Язык: Английский

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