Socioeconomic resources in youth are linked to divergent patterns of network integration/segregation across the brain’s transmodal axis

PNAS Nexus, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3(9)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Abstract Socioeconomic resources (SER) calibrate the developing brain to current context, which can confer or attenuate risk for psychopathology across lifespan. Recent multivariate work indicates that SER levels powerfully relate intrinsic functional connectivity patterns entire brain. Nevertheless, neuroscientific meaning of these widespread neural differences remains poorly understood, despite its translational promise early identification, targeted intervention, and policy reform. In present study, we leverage graph theory precisely characterize univariate associations between household neighborhood contexts architecture regions in 5,821 youth (9–10 years) from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. First, establish decomposing into profiles integration segregation captures more than half association with greater parsimony (100-fold reduction number features) interpretability. Second, show topological effects are not uniform brain; rather, higher associated somatomotor subcortical systems, but default mode, orbitofrontal, cerebellar systems. Finally, demonstrate spatially patterned along unimodal–transmodal gradient organization. These findings provide critical interpretive context established This study highlights both higher-order networks differentially implicated environmental stress, disadvantage, opportunity youth.

Язык: Английский

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Experimental biology can inform our understanding of food insecurity

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 227(Suppl_1)

Опубликована: Март 7, 2024

ABSTRACT Food insecurity is a major public health issue. Millions of households worldwide have intermittent and unpredictable access to food this experience associated with greater risk for host negative outcomes. While contemporary concern, we can understand its effects better if acknowledge that there are ancient biological programs evolved respond the scarcity uncertainty, they may be particularly sensitive during development. Support conjecture comes from common findings in several recent animal studies modeled by manipulating predictability various ways. Using different experimental paradigms species, these shown insecure lead changes weight, motivation cognition. Some account weight through metabolism, while others observe increases feeding work food. It has been proposed gain an adaptive response as ‘insurance’ uncertain future, cognition reflect strategic adjustments foraging behavior. Animal also offer opportunity make in-depth controlled mechanisms So far, evidence impact metabolic efficiency, reproductive capacity dopamine neuron synapses. Further on behavior, central peripheral nervous system, gut liver, along variation age exposure, will needed full body impacts at stages

Язык: Английский

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Structural and functional brain correlates of socioeconomic status across the life span: A systematic review

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 162, С. 105716 - 105716

Опубликована: Май 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Genetic and brain similarity independently predict childhood anthropometrics and neighborhood socioeconomic conditions

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 65, С. 101339 - 101339

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

Linking the developing brain with individual differences in clinical and demographic traits is challenging due to substantial interindividual heterogeneity of anatomy organization. Here we employ an integrative approach that parses both cortical thickness common genetic variants, assess their effects on a wide set childhood traits. The uses linear mixed model framework obtain unique each type similarity, as well covariance. We this sample 7760 unrelated children ABCD cohort baseline (mean age 9.9, 46.8% female). In general, associations between similarity were limited anthropometrics such height, weight, birth marker neighborhood socioeconomic conditions. Common variants explained significant proportions variance across nearly all included outcomes, although estimates somewhat lower than previous reports. No covariance was found. present findings highlight connection conditions brain, which appear be independent from population-based sample.

Язык: Английский

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The central role of the individual in the history of brains

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 163, С. 105744 - 105744

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Every species' brain, body and behavior is shaped by the contingencies of their evolutionary history; these exert pressures that change developmental trajectories. There is, however, another set shape us other animals: those occur during a lifetime. In this perspective piece, we show how two histories are intertwined focusing on individual. We suggest organisms--their brains behaviors--are not solely products genes neural circuitry but individual centers action unfolding in time. To unpack idea, first emphasize importance variation central role biology. then go over "errors time" often make when comparing development across species. Next, reveal an individual's process rather than product presenting case studies. These trajectories as emerging contexts "the actual now" presence past". Our consideration reveals individuals slippery-they never static; they on-going, creative activities. light this, it seems taking seriously essential if aspire to meaningful comparisons circuits within

Язык: Английский

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Prenatal environment is associated with the pace of cortical network development over the first three years of life

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Associations of socioeconomic status with cognitive function, language ability, and academic achievement in youth: a systematic review of mechanisms and protective factors

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2024

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is negatively associated with children's cognitive and academic performance, leading to long‐term educational economic disparities. In particular, SES a powerful predictor of executive function (EF), language ability, achievement. Despite extensive research documenting SES‐related differences in these domains, our understanding the mechanisms underlying associations factors that may mitigate relationships limited. This systematic review aimed identify mediators moderators association EF, Our synthesis revealed stress, support, stimulation, broader contextual at school‐ neighborhood level be important protective associations. stimulation mediated Educational expectations, classroom school environment, teacher–student also played key role addition, such as preschool attendance, home learning activities, parental support buffered between low lower outcomes. We discuss findings context interventions help reduce

Язык: Английский

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Untreated Early Childhood Caries and Possible Links with Brain Development

BioMed, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3(4), С. 431 - 439

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Untreated early childhood caries (ECC) is a global public health concern. In the short term, untreated ECC can lead to pain, infection, and disrupted sleep, among other issues. long it associated with poor oral in later life, increased risk of permanent teeth, adverse effects on physical psychological development. There may be link between cognitive neurodevelopmental outcomes young children, although exact pathways are not fully understood. One possible pathway through relationship mastication brain stimulation. Impaired masticatory function due affect hippocampus, key region responsible for memory learning. Furthermore, cause chronic inflammation, leading release pro-inflammatory cytokines that damage brain. Sleep disturbances resulting from ECC-related pain discomfort also impact development functioning. Additionally, frequent use antibiotics analgesics address infections disrupt gut microbiome, potentially affecting gut–brain axis. nutritional deficiencies elevated risk, further hinder Addressing comprehensively initiatives help mitigate potential long-term consequences promote optimal children.

Язык: Английский

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Embodied Cognition and the Structure of Personality: An Exploratory Study of Longitudinal Pathways From Early Psychomotor Function

Journal of Personality, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

To explore the developmental pathways linking infant psychomotor function with personality in late adolescence through cognitive, social, and self-regulation skills. The broader research question, seen lens of embodied cognition, is whether cognition youth develop from basic sensorimotor communicative systems infancy. sample included 9202 participants a representative UK birth cohort. A structural equation model examined prospective associations between motor functions at age 9 months, self-regulation, prosociality 5 years, five-factor 17 years. meta-traits stability plasticity were also explored. Even after controlling for confounders correcting multiple paths, there was robust evidence that development significantly predicts structure, indirect mediated by skills general or social cognitive middle childhood. While associated both meta-traits, gross but not stability. Early may have long-term effects on personality, This finding can inform socio-educational interventions tailored curricula early childhood education.

Язык: Английский

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Maternal depressive symptoms in childhood and offspring brain cortical and subcortical volumetric change: A repeated imaging study from age 4-10 years

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 72, С. 101531 - 101531

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2025

Язык: Английский

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