The increasing prevalence of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases: an urgent call to action for improved understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Current Opinion in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 80, С. 102266 - 102266

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2022

Язык: Английский

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ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents

Pediatric Diabetes, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(8), С. 1160 - 1174

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2022

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Язык: Английский

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New-onset type 1 diabetes in Finnish children during the COVID-19 pandemic

Archives of Disease in Childhood, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 107(2), С. 180 - 185

Опубликована: Май 27, 2021

Viral infections may trigger type 1 diabetes (T1D), and recent reports suggest an increased incidence of paediatric T1D and/or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during the COVID-19 pandemic.To study whether number children admitted to intensive care unit (PICU) for DKA due new-onset pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infection plays a role.This retrospective cohort comprises two datasets: (1) PICU (2) diagnosed with registered Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Registry in Helsinki University Hospital from April 31 October 2016-2020. We compared incidence, characteristics newly between prepandemic pandemic periods.The average 6.25 admissions 2016-2019 20 2020 (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 3.24 [95% CI 1.80 5.83]; p=0.0001). On average, 57.75 were FPDR 2016-2019, as 84 (IRR 1.45; 95% 1.13 1.86; p=0.004). 33 analysed antibodies, all negative.More had severe at diagnosis pandemic. This was not consequence infection. Instead, it probably stems delays following changes parental behaviour healthcare accessibility.

Язык: Английский

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Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: Results From the DPV Registry

Diabetes Care, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 45(8), С. 1762 - 1771

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Germany compared with previous years.Based on data from multicenter German Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry, we analyzed per 100,000 patient-years January 2020 through 30 June 2021. Using Poisson regression models, expected incidences for 2020/21 were estimated based 2011 observed by estimating rate ratios (IRRs) 95% CIs.From 2021, 5,162 new-onset registered. significantly higher than (24.4 [95% CI 23.6-25.2] vs. 21.2 [20.5-21.9]; IRR 1.15 [1.10-1.20]; P < 0.001). IRRs elevated (IRR 1.43 [1.07-1.90]; = 0.003), July 1.48 [1.12-1.96]; 0.001), March 2021 1.29 [1.01-1.65]; 0.028), 1.39 [1.04-1.85]; 0.010).A significant increase COVID-19 pandemic, a delay peak ∼3 months after also containment measures. underlying causes are yet unknown. However, indirect rather direct effects more likely be cause.

Язык: Английский

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The Incidence of Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review From 32 Countries and Regions

Diabetes Care, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 45(4), С. 994 - 1006

Опубликована: Март 29, 2022

The epidemiology of adult-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence is not well-characterized due to the historic focus on T1D as a childhood-onset disease.We assess (≥20 years) T1D, by country, from available data.A systematic review MEDLINE, Embase, and gray literature, through 11 May 2021, was undertaken.We included all population-based studies reporting published 1990 onward in English.With search we identified 1,374 references which 46 were for data extraction. Estimates annual allocated into broad age categories (20-39, 40-59, ≥60, or ≥20 appropriate.Overall, observed following patterns: 1) there paucity data, particularly low- middle-income countries; 2) lowest Asian highest Nordic 3) higher men versus women; 4) it unclear whether declines with increasing age; 5) has changed over time.Results are generalizable high-income countries, misclassification cannot be ruled out.From this suggests that adulthood substantial highlights pressing need better distinguish T2D adults so may respond true burden adults.

Язык: Английский

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Functional and metabolic alterations of gut microbiota in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2022

Abstract Gut dysbiosis has been linked to type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, microbial capacity in T1D remains unclear. Here, we integratively profiled gut functional and metabolic alterations children with new-onset independent cohorts investigated the underlying mechanisms. In T1D, microbiota was characterized by decreased butyrate production bile acid metabolism increased lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis at species, gene, metabolite levels. The combination of 18 bacterial species fecal metabolites provided excellently discriminatory power for T1D. from induced elevated fasting glucose levels declined insulin sensitivity antibiotic-treated mice. streptozotocin-induced mice, exerted protective destructive effects on islet structure function, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide aggravated pancreatic inflammatory response, while activated Insulin1 Insulin2 gene expression. Our study revealed perturbed traits providing potential avenues microbiome-based prevention intervention

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Vitamin D and Its Molecular Bases in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease: State of the Art

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(20), С. 15485 - 15485

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2023

In the last decade, an increasing awareness was directed to role of Vitamin D in non-skeletal and preventive roles for chronic diseases. is essential hormone regulating calcium/phosphorous balance pathogenesis inflammation, insulin resistance, obesity. The main forms vitamin D, Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) Ergocalciferol D2) are converted into active form (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) thanks two hydroxylations liver, kidney, pancreas, immune cells. Some anti-inflammatory cytokines produced at higher levels by while some pro-inflammatory released lower levels. Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) expression increased, a state also linked low D. Regardless how it affects various pathways suggest that directly improves sensitivity secretion. level body may change ratio pro- cytokines, which would impact action, lipid metabolism, development function adipose tissue. Many studies have demonstrated inverse relationship between concentrations markers, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular disease. It interesting note several long-term revealed correlation occurrence diabetes mellitus. supplementation people has controversial effects. While improvements sensitivity, glucose, others no significant effect on glycemic homeostasis inflammation. This review aims provide insight molecular basis type 1 2 diabetes, gestational

Язык: Английский

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Detection and Prediction of Diabetes Using Data Mining: A Comprehensive Review

IEEE Access, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9, С. 43711 - 43735

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Diabetes is one of the most rapidly growing chronic diseases, which has affected millions people around globe. Its diagnosis, prediction, proper cure, and management are crucial. Data mining based forecasting techniques for data analysis diabetes can help in early detection prediction disease related critical events such as hypo/hyperglycemia. Numerous have been developed this domain detection, classification. In paper, we present a comprehensive review state-of-the-art area diagnosis using mining. The aim paper twofold; firstly, explore investigate solutions field glycemic control diabetes. Secondly, light investigation, provide classification comparison that frequently used on important key metrics. Moreover, highlight challenges future research directions be considered order to develop optimized prediction.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 29, 2023

Objective The real causal relationship between human gut microbiota and T1D remains unclear difficult to establish. Herein, we adopted a two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization (MR) study evaluate the causality T1D. Methods We leveraged publicly available genome-wide association (GWAS) summary data perform MR analysis. microbiota-related GWAS from 18,340 individuals international consortium MiBioGen were used. statistic for (n = 264,137) obtained latest release FinnGen as outcome of interest. selection instrumental variables conformed strictly series preset inclusion exclusion criteria. MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance (IVW), mode methods used assess association. Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept leave-one-out analysis conducted identify heterogeneity pleiotropy. Results At phylum level, only Bacteroidetes was indicated have on (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.53, P 0.044) in IVW When it comes their subcategories, Bacteroidia class 1.28, 1.06-1.53, 0.009, FDR 0.085), Bacteroidales order Eubacterium eligens group genus 0.64, 0.50-0.81, 2.84×10 -4 , 0.031) observed with No pleiotropy detected. Conclusions present reports that phylum, class, causally increase risk, whereas genus, which belongs Firmicutes decreases risk. Nevertheless, future studies are warranted dissect underlying mechanisms specific bacterial taxa’s role pathophysiology

Язык: Английский

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The oral microbiome in autoimmune diseases: friend or foe?

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Март 22, 2023

Abstract The human body is colonized by abundant and diverse microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiome. oral cavity has more than 700 species of bacteria consists unique microbiome niches on mucosal surfaces, tooth hard tissue, in saliva. homeostatic balance between microbiota immune system plays an indispensable role maintaining well-being health status host. Growing evidence demonstrated that dysbiosis actively involved regulating initiation progression array autoimmune diseases. Oral driven multiple factors, such host genetic dietary habits, stress, smoking, administration antibiotics, tissue injury infection. dysregulation a crucial triggering promoting diseases via several mechanisms, including microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, autoantigen overproduction, amplification responses cytokines. Good hygiene behaviors, low carbohydrate diets, healthy lifestyles, usage prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics, transplantation nanomedicine-based therapeutics are promising avenues for balanced treating microbiota-mediated Thus, comprehensive understanding relationship critical providing novel insights into development microbiota-based therapeutic approaches combating these refractory

Язык: Английский

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