Childhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review

Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 1(1), С. 277 - 312

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2019

An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of neurodevelopment—the dimensional model stress acceleration model—in a systematic review 109 studies using MRI-based measures neural structure function in children adolescents. Consistent with model, exposed to threat had reduced amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampal volume heightened amygdala activation majority studies; these patterns were not observed consistently deprivation. In contrast, altered frontoparietal regions deprivation but threat. Evidence for accelerated development amygdala-mPFC circuits was limited other metrics neurodevelopment. Progress charting neurodevelopmental consequences requires larger samples, longitudinal designs, more precise assessments adversity.

Язык: Английский

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Adversity in childhood is linked to mental and physical health throughout life

BMJ, Год журнала: 2020, Номер unknown, С. m3048 - m3048

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2020

The prevalence of "toxic stress" and huge downstream consequences in disease, suffering, financial costs make prevention early intervention crucial, say Charles A Nelson colleagues

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms linking childhood trauma exposure and psychopathology: a transdiagnostic model of risk and resilience

BMC Medicine, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2020

Abstract Background Transdiagnostic processes confer risk for multiple types of psychopathology and explain the co-occurrence different disorders. For this reason, transdiagnostic provide ideal targets early intervention treatment. Childhood trauma exposure is associated with elevated virtually all commonly occurring forms psychopathology. We articulate a model developmental mechanisms that strong links between childhood as well protective factors promote resilience against Main body present spanning three broad domains: social information processing, emotional accelerated biological aging. Changes in processing prioritize threat-related information—such heightened perceptual sensitivity to threat, misclassification negative neutral emotions anger, attention biases towards cues—have been consistently observed children who have experienced trauma. Patterns common exposed include reactivity stimuli, low awareness, difficulties learning emotion regulation. More recently, pattern aging across metrics, including pubertal development cellular aging, has found trauma-exposed children. Although these changes responding, pace reflect adaptations may safety other benefits raised dangerous environments, they emergence internalizing externalizing link Children higher levels support, particularly from caregivers, are less likely develop following exposure. Caregiver buffering be one mechanism explaining effect. Conclusion powerful factor development. serve linking These represent critical interventions aimed at preventing

Язык: Английский

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Child and adolescent mental health amidst emergencies and disasters

The British Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 216(3), С. 159 - 162

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2019

Summary The mental health of children and young people can be disproportionally affected easily overlooked in the context emergencies disasters. Child adolescent services contribute greatly to emergency preparedness, resilience response and, ultimately, mitigate harmful effects on most vulnerable members society.

Язык: Английский

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The effects of early life adversity on children’s mental health and cognitive functioning

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2022

Emerging evidence suggests that partially distinct mechanisms may underlie the association between different dimensions of early life adversity (ELA) and psychopathology in children adolescents. While there is minimal types ELA are associated with specific outcomes, unique cognitive socioemotional consequences increase transdiagnostic risk mental health problems across internalizing externalizing spectra. The current review provides an overview recent findings examining (e.g., language, executive function), attention bias, emotion regulation), correlates along threat/harshness, deprivation, unpredictability. We underscore similarities differences connecting to particular identify gaps future directions help clarify inconsistencies literature. This focuses on childhood adolescence, periods exquisite neurobiological change sensitivity environment. utility dimensional models better understanding mechanistic pathways towards expression discussed, supporting value such developmental sequelae ELA. Integration existing focused psychiatric classification biobehavioral advance our etiology, phenomenology, treatment difficulties youth.

Язык: Английский

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Childhood Trauma, the HPA Axis and Psychiatric Illnesses: A Targeted Literature Synthesis

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 6, 2022

Studies of early life stress (ELS) demonstrate the long-lasting effects acute and chronic on developmental trajectories. Such experiences can become biologically consolidated, creating individual vulnerability to psychological psychiatric issues later in life. The hippocampus, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex are all important limbic structures involved processes that undermine mental health. Hyperarousal sympathetic nervous system with sustained allostatic load along Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis its connections has been theorized as basis for adult psychopathology following childhood trauma. In this review we synthesize current understandings hypotheses concerning neurobiological link between trauma, HPA axis, illness. We examine mechanisms at play brain developing child discuss how adverse environmental stimuli may incorporated into structure function via a discussion neurosequential model development, sensitive periods plasticity. areas implicated ELS also explored. targeted activation mood psychotic disorders, cortisol is generally elevated across disorders. However, bipolar disorder psychosis patients previous stress, blunted responses found awakening, stressors physiological manipulation compared without stress. These attenuated occur background increased turnover. Although measures raised depression, evidence different profile those inconclusive. Further research needed explore commonalities

Язык: Английский

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Treatment with psychedelics is psychotherapy: beyond reductionism

The Lancet Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(3), С. 231 - 236

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Psychological outcomes in patients with rare cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

EClinicalMedicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 72, С. 102631 - 102631

Опубликована: Май 4, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Annual Research Review: Rethinking childhood trauma‐new research directions for measurement, study design and analytical strategies

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 61(3), С. 236 - 250

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2019

Childhood trauma is a key modifiable risk factor for psychopathology. Despite significant scientific advances, traumatised children still have poorer long‐term outcomes than nontraumatised children. New research paradigms are, thus, needed. To this end, the review examines three dominant assumptions about measurement, design and analytical strategies. Current warns against using prospective retrospective measures of childhood interchangeably; interpreting cross‐sectional differences in putative mediating mechanisms between adults with or without history as evidence longitudinal changes from pre‐trauma conditions; directly applying explanatory models resilience vulnerability to psychopathology forecast individual unseen cases. The warnings equally apply on broader adverse experiences (ACEs). Further examining these can generate new insights how prevent its detrimental effects.

Язык: Английский

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Unravelling the contribution of complex trauma to psychopathology and cognitive deficits: a cohort study

The British Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 219(2), С. 448 - 455

Опубликована: Май 11, 2021

Background Complex traumas are traumatic experiences that involve multiple interpersonal threats during childhood or adolescence, such as repeated abuse. These hypothesised to cause more severe psychopathology and poorer cognitive function than other non-complex traumas. However, empirical testing has been limited clinical/convenience samples cross-sectional designs. Aims To investigate in young people exposed complex, no trauma, from a population-representative longitudinal cohort, consider the role of pre-existing vulnerabilities. Method Participants were Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, birth cohort 2232 British children. At age 18 years (93% participation), we assessed lifetime exposure complex past-year current function. We also prospectively early vulnerabilities: internalising externalising symptoms at 5 age, IQ family history mental illness, socioeconomic status sex. Results trauma had compared with both trauma-unexposed participants those trauma. Early vulnerabilities predicted risk later exposure, largely explained associations deficits, but not psychopathology. Conclusions By conflating traumas, research clinical practice underestimate severity psychopathology, deficits linked A better understanding health needs could inform development new, effective interventions.

Язык: Английский

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