Influences of Chemical Properties, Soil Properties, and Solution pH on Soil–Water Partitioning Coefficients of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 54(24), С. 15883 - 15892

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the soil-water partitioning behavior a wider range per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) onto soils covering diverse soil properties. PFASs studied include perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs), fluorotelomer (FTSs), nonionic sulfonamides (FASAs), cyclic PFAS (PFEtCHxS), ether acids (GenX, ADONA, 9Cl-PF3ONS), three aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-related zwitterionic (AmPr-FHxSA, TAmPr-FHxSA, 6:2 FTSA-PrB). Soil-water coefficients (log Kd values) ranged from less than zero approximately three, were chain-length-dependent, significantly linearly related molecular weight (MW) for with MW > 350 g/mol (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.0001). Across all soils, values short-chain (≤5 -CF2- moieties) similar varied (<0.5 log units) compared long-chain (>0.5 1.5 zwitterions AmPr- TAmPr-FHxSA (∼1.5 2 units). Multiple properties described sorption better any single property. effects on different anionic, nonionic, PFASs. Solution pH could change both speciation chemistry affecting surface complexation electrostatic processes. increased when solution decreased eight three. Short-chain sensitive results indicate complex interactions surfaces need consider type describe mobility in environment.

Язык: Английский

---

PFAS removal by ion exchange resins: A review

Chemosphere, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 272, С. 129777 - 129777

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2021

Язык: Английский

---

Exposure to a mixture of legacy, alternative, and replacement per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) results in sex-dependent modulation of cholesterol metabolism and liver injury

Environment International, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 157, С. 106843 - 106843

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2021

Epidemiological studies have shown Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to be associated with diseases of dysregulated lipid sterol homeostasis such as steatosis cardiometabolic disorders. However, the majority mechanistic rely on single chemical exposures instead identifying mechanisms related toxicity PFAS mixtures. The goal current study is investigate linking exposure a mixture alterations in metabolism, including increased circulating cholesterol bile acids. Male female wild-type C57BL/6J mice were fed an atherogenic diet used previous pollutant-accelerated atherosclerosis exposed water containing 5 representing legacy, replacement, alternative subtypes (i.e., PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS, GenX), each at concentration 2 mg/L, for 12 weeks. Changes transcriptome metabolome level determined by RNA-seq high-resolution mass spectrometry, respectively. We observed cholesterol, metabolites, acids due exposure, some sexual dimorphic effects. hepatic injury, demonstrated liver weight, inflammation, plasma alanine aminotransferase levels. Females displayed lobular portal inflammation compared male PFAS-exposed mice. Hepatic transcriptomics analysis revealed modulated multiple metabolic pathways, those sterols, acids, acyl carnitines, sex-specific differences observed. Finally, we show that levels PFOA females males, but this dimorphism was not same other examined. Exposure results PFAS-mediated modulation levels, possibly through disruption enterohepatic circulation.

Язык: Английский

---

Biotransformation of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors from various environmental systems: advances and perspectives

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 272, С. 115908 - 115908

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

Spatial Trends of Anionic, Zwitterionic, and Cationic PFASs at an AFFF-Impacted Site

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 55(1), С. 313 - 323

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2020

Soil and groundwater from an aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-impacted site were sampled at high resolution (n = 105 for soil, n 58 groundwater) analyzed extensive list of anionic, zwitterionic, cationic poly- perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Spatial trends acids many precursors enabled a better understanding PFAS composition, transport, transformation. All PFASs without analytical standards semi-quantified. Summed individual concentrations often higher depth than near the surface in soil groundwater. Zwitterionic compounds composed majority total mass (up to 97%) firefighter training area (FTA) soil. Composition class, chain length, structural isomers changed with distance FTA, suggesting situ transformation differential transport. The percentage branched perfluorooctane sulfonate increased depth, consistent isomeric However, linear perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was enriched, fluorotelomer precursor PFOA. Perfluorohexane sulfonamide, potential product sulfonamide-based PFASs, present (maximum 448 ng/g 3.4 mg/L groundwater). Precursor may create long-term sources acids, although pathways remain unknown; analysis is critical fate transport understanding.

Язык: Английский

---

PFAS: forever chemicals—persistent, bioaccumulative and mobile. Reviewing the status and the need for their phase out and remediation of contaminated sites

Environmental Sciences Europe, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(1)

Опубликована: Март 23, 2023

Abstract Background Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have received increasing scientific political attention in recent years. Several thousand commercially produced compounds are used numerous products technical processes. Due to their extreme persistence the environment, humans all other life forms are, therefore, increasingly exposed these substances. In following review, PFAS will be examined comprehensively. Results The best studied carboxylic sulfonic acids with chain lengths of C4 C14, particularly perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) perfluorooctane (PFOS). These harmful aquatic fauna, insects, amphibians at concentrations a few µg/L or less, accumulate organisms, biomagnify food webs. Humans, as final link chains, subjected uptake primarily through drinking water. multiple toxic effects, affecting liver, kidney, thyroid, immune system. latter effect is basis for establishment tolerable weekly dose only 4.4 ng/kg body weight sum four representatives PFOA, PFOS, perfluorononanoic (PFNA) perfluorohexane (PFHxS) by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2020. Exposure estimates human biomonitoring show that this value frequently reached, many cases exceeded. major challenge analysis, especially waste: single-substance analyses capture fragment large, diverse family PFAS. As consequence, parameters gained importance. high mobility per makes soil groundwater pollution contaminated sites problem. general, short-chain more mobile than long-chain ones. Processes purification water treatment often ineffective expensive. Recycling PFAS-containing such paper packaging leads carryover contaminants. Incineration requires temperatures completely destroy After PFOS perfluorinated were regulated internationally, manufacturers users switched PFAS: representatives, per- oxo acids, telomeric alcohols acids. Analytical studies an increase environmental chemicals. Ultra-short (chain length C1–C3) not been well studied. Among others, trifluoroacetic (TFA) present globally rapidly concentrations. Conclusions substitution individual recognized hazardous possibly equally virtually unknown chronic toxicity can, solution. answer switch fluorine-free alternatives applications which essential.

Язык: Английский

---

An introduction to the sources, fate, occurrence and effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals released into the environment

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 207, С. 112658 - 112658

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2022

Many classes of compounds are known or suspected to disrupt the endocrine system vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. This review sources fate selected disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in environment includes that "legacy" contaminants, as well contaminants emerging concern. EDCs included for discussion organochlorine compounds, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, brominated flame retardants, per- polyfluoroalkyl substances, alkylphenols, phthalates, bisphenol A analogues, pharmaceuticals, drugs abuse steroid hormones, personal care products, organotins. An exhaustive survey these all environmental media (e.g., air, water, soil, biota, foods beverages) is beyond scope this review, so priority highlight which there a clear link between exposure effects humans biota from other taxa. Where appropriate, linkages also made regulatory limits such quality guidelines water sediments total daily intake values humans.

Язык: Английский

---

Critical Review of Thermal Decomposition of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Mechanisms and Implications for Thermal Treatment Processes

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 56(9), С. 5355 - 5370

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2022

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are fluorinated organic chemicals that concerning due to their environmental persistence adverse human ecological effects. Remediation of PFAS contamination presence in consumer products have led the production solid liquid waste streams containing high concentrations PFASs, which require efficient cost-effective treatment solutions. PFASs challenging defluorinate by conventional advanced destructive processes, physical separation processes produce (e.g., membrane concentrate, spent activated carbon) requiring further post-treatment. Incineration other thermal widely available, but use managing PFAS-containing wastes remains poorly understood. Under specific operating conditions, is expected mineralize degradation mechanisms pathways unknown. In this review, we critically evaluate decomposition mechanisms, pathways, byproducts crucial design operation processes. We highlight analytical capabilities challenges identify research gaps limit current understanding safely applying destroy as a viable end-of-life process.

Язык: Английский

---

Target and Nontarget Screening of PFAS in Biosolids, Composts, and Other Organic Waste Products for Land Application in France

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 56(10), С. 6056 - 6068

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2021

Zwitterionic, cationic, and anionic per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are increasingly reported in terrestrial aquatic environments, but their inputs to agricultural lands not fully understood. Here, we characterized PFAS 47 organic waste products (OWP) applied fields of France, including historical recent materials. Overall, 160 from 42 classes were detected target screening homologue-based nontarget screening. Target low agriculture-derived wastes such as pig slurry, poultry manure, or dairy cattle manure (median ∑46PFAS: 0.66 μg/kg dry matter). Higher levels urban industrial wastes, paper mill sludge, sewage residual household composts 220 μg/kg). Historical municipal biosolids (1976–1998) dominated by perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido acetic acid (EtFOSAA), cationic zwitterionic electrochemical fluorination precursors PFOS. Contemporaneous OWP (2009–2017) rather fluorotelomers, which represented on average 55% ∑160PFAS (max: 97%). The fluorotelomer sulfonamidopropyl betaines (X:2 FTSA-PrB, median: 110 μg/kg, max: 1300 μg/kg) the emerging class with highest occurrence prevalence contemporary OWP. They also early 1985. study informs for first time that sludges can be a significant repository PFAS.

Язык: Английский

---

Hydrothermal Alkaline Treatment for Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 55(5), С. 3283 - 3295

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2021

The widespread use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) for firefighting activities (e.g., fire training to extinguish fuel-based fires at aircraft facilities) has led extensive groundwater and soil contamination by per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) that are highly recalcitrant destruction using conventional treatment technologies. This study reports on the hydrothermal alkaline diverse PFASs present in AFFFs. Quantitative semiquantitative high-resolution mass spectrometry analyses demonstrate a rapid degradation all 109 identified two AFFFs (sulfonate- fluorotelomer-based formulations) water amended with an alkali 1–5 M NaOH) near-critical temperature pressure (350 °C, 16.5 MPa). includes acids range acid precursors. Most were degraded nondetectable levels within 15 min, most perfluoroalkyl sulfonates 30 min when treated 5 NaOH. 19F NMR spectroscopic analysis fluoride ion confirm near-complete defluorination both dilute concentrated AFFF mixtures, no stable volatile organofluorine species detected reactor headspace gases gas chromatography–mass analysis. These findings indicate significant potential application technologies manage PFAS waste streams, including on-site unused chemical stockpiles, investigation-derived wastes, source zone materials.

Язык: Английский

---