Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications

Environment International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 178, С. 108033 - 108033

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2023

Drinking-water quality is a rising concern in the United States (US), emphasizing need to broadly assess exposures and potential health effects at point-of-use. per- poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are national concern, however, there limited information on PFAS residential tapwater point-of-use, especially from private-wells. We conducted reconnaissance compare human unregulated private-well regulated public-supply tapwater. Tapwater 716 locations (269 private-wells; 447 public supply) across US was collected during 2016-2021 including three where temporal sampling conducted. Concentrations of were assessed by laboratories compared with land-use potential-source metrics explore drivers contamination. The number individual observed ranged 1 9 (median: 2) corresponding cumulative concentrations (sum detected PFAS) ranging 0.348 346 ng/L. Seventeen least once PFBS, PFHxS PFOA most frequently approximately 15% samples. Across US, profiles estimated median similar among private wells estimate that one could be about 45% drinking-water These detection probabilities varied spatially variation concentrations/numbers detected. Benchmark screening approaches indicated exposure risk dominated PFOS, when Potential source related concentrations, detected; relations specific likely due low frequencies higher limits. Information generated supports for further assessments risks as class combination other co-occurring contaminants, particularly unmonitored private-wells or not available.

Язык: Английский

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Tracking PFAS in Drinking Water: A Review of Analytical Methods and Worldwide Occurrence Trends in Tap Water and Bottled Water

ACS ES&T Water, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3(2), С. 246 - 261

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2023

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) used in various industrial applications are pollutants of concern for the environment human health. Drinking water consumption is one key exposure pathway to PFAS, as recently highlighted by multiple studies on their occurrence tap bottled worldwide. However, PFAS quantification at low part-per-trillion (ng/L) or part-per-quadrillion (pg/L) concentrations remains challenging. presence blanks incomplete method recoveries can lead false positives negatives; concentration changes under different storage durations conditions also affect accuracy precision. Here, we review most recent data related analytical methods that were research articles detection from drinking water. Commonly encountered pitfalls summarized, performance appraised including limits, recovery, matrix effects, other quality assurance/quality control endpoints. In addition, collated available guidelines health advisory levels Finally, compiled legacy emerging

Язык: Английский

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Underestimation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Biosolids: Precursor Transformation During Conventional Treatment

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(9), С. 3825 - 3832

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2023

Wastewater treatment plants generate a solid waste known as biosolids. The most common management option for biosolids is to beneficially reuse them an agricultural amendment, but because of the risk pathogen exposure, many regulatory bodies require reduction before reuse. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are well documented in biosolids, limited information available on how processes impact PFAS. Furthermore, quantification PFAS has focused perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) which small fraction thousands exist. objective this study was quantify 92 collected from eight facilities after four applications: composting, heat treatment, lime anaerobic digestion. Overall, total concentrations were dominated by PFAA precursor species, particular, diPAPs accounted majority mass Σ

Язык: Английский

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Integration of target, suspect, and nontarget screening with risk modeling for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances prioritization in surface waters

Water Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 233, С. 119735 - 119735

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Toilet Paper and the Impact on Wastewater Systems

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(3), С. 234 - 239

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Here, we evaluate a perhaps unexpected contributor of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to our wastewater, an input anticipated at every wastewater treatment facility─toilet paper. In this study, both toilet paper sludge were characterized explore the magnitude potential PFAS loading into systems from sludge, 6:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester (6:2 diPAP) was most prevalent detected, usage estimated contribute 6.4 80 μg/person-year diPAP wastewater–water systems. Our results suggest that should be considered as potentially major source entering

Язык: Английский

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The decomposition and emission factors of a wide range of PFAS in diverse, contaminated organic waste fractions undergoing dry pyrolysis

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 454, С. 131447 - 131447

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2023

Current treatment options for organic waste contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are generally limited to incineration, composting or landfilling, all resulting in emissions. Dry pyrolysis is a promising emerging alternative these practices, but there uncertainty related the fate of PFAS during this process. The present work first developed robust method determination complex matrices, such as sewage sludge biochar. Then, mass balance was established 56 different full-scale (2–10 kg biochar hr-1, 500–800 °C) sludges, food reject, garden timber. were found wastes (56–3651 ng g-1), resulted ≥ 96.9% removal. Residual (0.1–3.4 g-1) detected biochars obtained at temperatures up 750 °C dominated by long chain PFAS. Emitted loads ranged from 0.01 3.1 mg tonne-1 produced short Emissions made < 3% total PFAS-mass wastes. Remaining uncertainties mainly presence thermal degradation products flue gas condensation oils.

Язык: Английский

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Target and nontarget screening of PFAS in drinking water for a large-scale survey of urban and rural communities in Québec, Canada

Water Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 233, С. 119750 - 119750

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023

Язык: Английский

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A comprehensive review on the need for integrated strategies and process modifications for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) removal: Current insights and future prospects

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9, С. 100623 - 100623

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2024

Alarming concern over the persistence and toxicity of per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in environment has created an imperative need for designing redesigning strategies their detection remediation. Conventional PFAS removal technologies that uses physical, chemical, or biological methods. Increase diversity quantity entering necessitated developing more advanced integrated removal. Despite advances reported this domain, there exist a huge research gap to be mentored tackle problems associated with mitigation combined wide variety environment. The possibility combine other emerging contaminants poses additional threat existing treatment methods thereby stressing continuous monitoring updating processes. This review work aims at understanding structure, entry, fate different types Further in-depth discussion regarding levels is elaborated review. process description recent remediation techniques along significance, limitations integration discussed detail. detailed outlook on advantages insight into recently developed outlined

Язык: Английский

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PFAS contamination in soil and sediment: Contribution of sources and environmental impacts on soil biota

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9, С. 100643 - 100643

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been detected in soils worldwide, suggesting that soil serves as a substantial reservoir for these compounds. This paper provides comprehensive overview of the origin PFAS contamination sediment, well environmental impacts associated with distribution mediums. In this review, we also discuss effects on microbes, plants, terrestrial food web, sediment benthic microorganisms. The highest concentration was found exposed to aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), manufacturing biosolids, compared landfills, atmospheric deposition, industrial discharge, which are other three sources. Exposure has demonstrated negative richness, diversity, population structure bacterial species. It observed interfere regular functioning microorganisms, organisms sediment. Nevertheless, current data is insufficient grasp complete spectrum comprehensively. Moreover, accumulation vegetables, earthworms cause concern, they can eventually enter chain through trophic transfer processes. Finally, challenges possible strategies be implemented restrict dispersion sediments soil.

Язык: Английский

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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Food Packaging: Migration, Toxicity, and Management Strategies

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(13), С. 5670 - 5684

Опубликована: Март 19, 2024

PFASs are linked to serious health and environmental concerns. Among their widespread applications, known be used in food packaging directly contribute human exposure. However, information about is scattered. Therefore, we systematically map the evidence on detected migrates extracts of contact materials provide an overview available hazard biomonitoring data. Based FCCmigex database, 68 have been identified various materials, including paper, plastic, coated metal, by targeted untargeted analyses. 87% these belong perfluorocarboxylic acids fluorotelomer-based compounds. Trends chain length demonstrate that long-chain perfluoroalkyl continue found, despite years global efforts reduce use substances. We utilized ToxPi illustrate data for only 57% packaging. For those which toxicity testing has performed, many adverse outcomes reported. The knowledge gaps presented here support international proposals restrict as a group, protect health.

Язык: Английский

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