Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
57(30), С. 10940 - 10950
Опубликована: Июль 19, 2023
Urban
stormwater
runoff
frequently
contains
the
car
tire
transformation
product
6PPD-quinone,
which
is
highly
toxic
to
juvenile
and
adult
coho
salmon
(Onchorychus
kisutch).
However,
it
currently
unclear
if
embryonic
stages
are
impacted.
We
addressed
this
by
exposing
developing
embryos
starting
at
eyed
stage
three
concentrations
of
6PPD-quinone
twice
weekly
until
hatch.
Impacts
on
survival
growth
were
assessed.
Further,
whole-transcriptome
sequencing
was
performed
recently
hatched
alevin
address
potential
mechanism
6PPD-quinone-induced
toxicity.
Acute
mortality
not
elicited
in
environmentally
measured
lethal
juveniles
adults,
however,
inhibited.
Immediately
after
hatching,
sensitive
mortality,
implicating
a
large
window
vulnerability
prior
smoltification.
Molecularly,
induced
dose-dependent
effects
that
implicated
broad
dysregulation
genomic
pathways
governing
cell–cell
contacts
endothelial
permeability.
These
consistent
with
previous
observations
macromolecule
accumulation
brains
exposed
blood–brain
barrier
disruption
as
pathway
for
Overall,
our
data
suggests
risk
adverse
health
events
upon
hatching
while
indicating
mechanism(s)
action
chemical.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
57(14), С. 5621 - 5632
Опубликована: Март 30, 2023
6PPD,
a
tire
rubber
antioxidant,
poses
substantial
ecological
risks
because
it
can
form
highly
toxic
quinone
transformation
product
(TP),
6PPD-quinone
(6PPDQ),
during
exposure
to
gas-phase
ozone.
Important
data
gaps
exist
regarding
the
structures,
reaction
mechanisms,
and
environmental
occurrence
of
TPs
from
6PPD
ozonation.
To
address
these
gaps,
ozonation
was
conducted
over
24–168
h
were
characterized
using
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry.
The
probable
structures
proposed
for
23
with
5
subsequently
standard-verified.
Consistent
prior
findings,
6PPDQ
(C18H22N2O2)
one
major
in
(∼1
19%
yield).
Notably,
not
observed
6QDI
(N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-quinonediimine),
indicating
that
formation
does
proceed
through
or
associated
TPs.
Other
included
multiple
C18H22N2O
C18H22N2O2
isomers,
presumptive
N-oxide,
N,N′-dioxide,
orthoquinone
structures.
Standard-verified
quantified
roadway-impacted
samples,
total
concentrations
130
±
3.2
μg/g
methanol
extracts
tread
wear
particles
(TWPs),
34
4
μg/g-TWP
aqueous
TWP
leachates,
2700
1500
ng/L
roadway
runoff,
1900
1200
creeks.
These
demonstrate
are
likely
an
important
ubiquitous
class
contaminants
environments.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
927, С. 171153 - 171153
Опубликована: Март 7, 2024
About
3
billion
new
tires
are
produced
each
year
and
about
800
million
become
waste
annually.
Global
dependence
upon
from
natural
rubber
petroleum-based
compounds
represents
a
persistent
complex
environmental
problem
with
only
partial
often-times,
ineffective
solutions.
Tire
emissions
may
be
in
the
form
of
whole
tires,
tire
particles,
chemical
compounds,
which
is
transported
through
various
atmospheric,
terrestrial,
aquatic
routes
built
environments.
Production
use
generates
multiple
heavy
metals,
plastics,
PAH's,
other
that
can
toxic
alone
or
as
cocktails.
Used
require
storage
space,
energy
intensive
to
recycle,
generally
have
few
post-wear
uses
not
also
potential
sources
pollutants
(e.g.,
crumb
rubber,
pavements,
burning).
particles
emitted
during
major
component
microplastics
urban
runoff
source
unique
highly
potent
substances.
Thus,
represent
ubiquitous
pollutant
requires
comprehensive
examination
develop
effective
management
remediation.
We
approach
issue
pollution
holistically
by
examining
life
cycle
across
production,
emissions,
recycling,
disposal.
In
this
paper,
we
synthesize
recent
research
data
human
health
risks
associated
use,
disposal
discuss
gaps
our
knowledge
fate
transport,
well
toxicology
leachates.
examine
remediation
approaches
for
addressing
exposure
tires.
consider
three
levels:
their
state,
particulates,
mixture
Finally,
information
understanding
outline
key
questions
improve
ability
manage
remediate
pollution.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
57(14), С. 5978 - 5987
Опубликована: Март 30, 2023
Rapid
urbanization
drives
increased
emission
of
tire
wear
particles
(TWPs)
and
the
contamination
a
transformation
product
derived
from
antioxidant,
termed
as
Environment International,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
187, С. 108677 - 108677
Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2024
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
(6PPD)
is
commonly
used
in
rubber
compounds
as
antioxidants
to
protect
against
degradation
from
heat,
oxygen,
and
ozone
exposure.
This
practice
extends
the
lifespan
of
products,
including
tires,
by
preventing
cracking,
aging,
deterioration.
However,
environmental
consequences
waste
generated
during
product
use,
particularly
formation
6PPD-quinone
(6PPD-Q)
through
reaction
6PPD
with
ozone,
have
raised
significant
concerns
due
their
detrimental
effects
on
ecosystems.
Extensive
research
has
revealed
widespread
occurrence
its
derivate
6PPD-Q
various
compartments,
air,
water,
soil.
The
emerging
substance
been
shown
pose
acute
mortality
long-term
hazards
aquatic
terrestrial
organisms
at
concentrations
below
environmentally
relevant
levels.
Studies
demonstrated
toxic
a
range
organisms,
zebrafish,
nematodes,
mammals.
These
include
neurobehavioral
changes,
reproductive
dysfunction,
digestive
damage
exposure
pathways.
Mechanistic
insights
suggest
that
mitochondrial
stress,
DNA
adduct
formation,
disruption
lipid
metabolism
contribute
toxicity
induced
6PPD-Q.
Recent
findings
human
samples,
such
blood,
urine,
cerebrospinal
fluid,
underscore
importance
further
public
health
toxicological
implications
these
compounds.
distribution,
fate,
biological
effects,
underlying
mechanisms
environment
highlight
urgent
need
for
additional
understand
address
impacts
