Occurrence of Multiple Classes of Emerging Synthetic Antioxidants, Including p-Phenylenediamines, Diphenylamines, Naphthylamines, Macromolecular Hindered Phenols, and Organophosphites, in Human Milk: Implications for Infant Exposure

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(3), С. 259 - 265

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2024

Synthetic antioxidants (AOs) have received increasing attention in recent years due to their environmental ubiquity. However, lactational exposure these emerging contaminants of current concern remains unknown. In this study, 21 amine antioxidants, 18 macromolecular hindered phenol 3 organophosphite and 2 p-phenylenediamine-derived quinones (PPD-Qs) were integrated into a dedicated screening human milk from South China. Among all 42 target AOs, 19 detected, but no PPD-Qs detected any the samples. Eight including N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), frequently more than half The summed concentrations detectable AOs ranged 133 7,560 pg/mL, with median 713 pg/mL. Significant correlations observed among antioxidants. preliminary risk assessment revealed that under high scenario, overall daily intake identified through breastfeeding might pose non-negligible health newborns. This study is first attempt comprehensively identify wide range prevalent milk. findings call for urgent infant widely used less well evaluated chemicals possible increased accumulative future.

Язык: Английский

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Discovering Novel Organophosphorus Compounds in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents through Suspect Screening and Nontarget Analysis

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(14), С. 6402 - 6414

Опубликована: Март 28, 2024

Limited knowledge on the structure of emerging organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) hampers our comprehensive understanding their environmental occurrence and potential risks. Through suspect nontarget screening, combining data-dependent acquisition, data-independent parallel reaction monitoring modes, we identified 60 OPCs (17 traditional 43 compounds) in effluents 14 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) Beijing Qinghai, China. These comprise 26 organophosphate triesters, 17 diesters, 6 organophosphonates, 7 organothiophosphate esters, 4 other OPCs. Notably, were newly WWTP effluents, 16 discovered matrices. Specifically, cyclic phosphonate, (5-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-5-yl)methyl dimethyl phosphonate P-oxide (PMMMPn), consistently appeared all with semiquantitative concentrations ranging from 44.4 to 282 ng/L. Its analogue, di-PMMMPn, presented 93% samples. Compositional differences between two cities mainly attributed Hazard ecological risk assessment underscored substantial contribution chlorinated esters overall risks effluents. This study provides most OPC profiles date, highlighting need for further research occurrence, fate, risks, particularly

Язык: Английский

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Nontarget Identification of Novel Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Rainfall Runoffs and Agricultural Soils around a Plastic Recycling Industrial Park

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(34), С. 12794 - 12805

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2023

Plastic recycling and reprocessing activities may release organophosphate ester (OPE) flame retardants plasticizers into the surrounding environment. However, relevant contamination profiles impacts remain not well studied. This study investigated occurrence of 28 OPEs their metabolites (mOPEs) in rainfall runoffs agricultural soils around one largest plastic industrial parks North China identified novel organophosphorus compounds (NOPs) using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based nontarget analysis. Twenty twenty-seven were detected runoff water soil samples, with total concentrations 86.0–2491 ng/L 2.53–199 ng/g dw, respectively. Thirteen NOPs identified, which eight reported environment for first time, including a chlorine-containing OPE, an heterocycle, phosphite, three OPE metabolites, two oligomers. Triphenylphosphine oxide diphenylphosphinic acid occurred ubiquitously soils, up to 390 40.2 The downwind areas park showed elevated levels NOPs. contribution hydroxylated mOPEs was higher than runoffs. These findings suggest that are significant sources biotransformation further increase ecological human exposure risk.

Язык: Английский

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Nontarget Identification of Novel Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Indoor Air and Dust from Multiple Microenvironments in China

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(18), С. 7986 - 7997

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024

The indoor environment is a typical source for organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers (OPFRs), yet the characteristics of OPFRs in different microenvironments remain less clear. This study collected 109 air samples 34 paired dust from 4 within university Tianjin, China, including dormitory, office, library, information center. 29 target were analyzed, novel compounds (NOPs) identified by fragment-based nontarget analysis. Target exhibited highest concentrations 46.2–234 ng/m3 20.4–76.0 μg/g, respectively, center, where chlorinated dominant. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) was primary OPFR office air, while tris(2-chloroethyl) dominated dust. TPHP predominant library. Triethyl (TEP) ubiquitous tris(2-butoxyethyl) particularly high 9 25 NOPs first time, mainly center such as bis(chloropropyl) 2,3-dichloropropyl phosphate. Diphenyl phosphinic acid, two hydroxylated methylated metabolites tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite (AO168), dimer newly reported environment. widely associated with OPFRs, their human exposure risk environmental behaviors warrant further study.

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in food contact materials from China and their implications for human dietary exposure through take-away food

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 473, С. 134599 - 134599

Опубликована: Май 13, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Indirect Emissions from Organophosphite Antioxidants Result in Significant Organophosphate Ester Contamination in China

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(48), С. 20304 - 20314

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2023

Organophosphite antioxidants (OPAs) have been seriously neglected as potential sources of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in environments. This study utilizes a modeling approach to quantify for the first time national emissions and multimedia distributions triphenyl phosphate (TPHP)─a well-known flame retardant─and three novel OPEs: tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) (AO168═O), bis(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphate (AO626═O2), trisnonylphenol (TNPP). Emphasis is on quantitative assessment OPA source China. TPHP has 1.1–9.7 times higher emission (300 Mg/year 2019 with half from sources) than AO168═O (278 Mg/year), AO626═O2 (53 TNPP (32 but predominant environments (63–79%) except freshwaters. About 72–99% studied OPEs are emitted via air, 88–99% ultimately distributed into soils major sink. OPA-source contribute 9.5–57% 4.7–56% masses concentrations (except sediments) different media, respectively. Both exhibit high overall persistence ranging between 2 11 years. Source environmental elevated economically developed areas, while northern where precipitation temperature lower. shows significance OPE contamination, which supports chemical management these substances.

Язык: Английский

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Contamination of dairy products with tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite and implications for human exposure

Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 448, С. 139144 - 139144

Опубликована: Март 31, 2024

Язык: Английский

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High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Screening of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) in Dust from Homes and Various Microenvironments in South China

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

Despite their ubiquitous use, information regarding the presence of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in various microenvironments remains scarce and only a small subset QACs has been monitored using targeted chemical analysis. In this study, total 111 dust samples were collected from homes public settings South China during COVID-19 pandemic analyzed for traditional emerging high-resolution mass spectrometry. The QAC concentrations residential (∑traditional QAC, sum 18 QACs) ranged 13.8 to 150 μg/g with median concentration 42.2 μg/g. Twenty-eight identified these samples, composition ∑emerging (sum ∑QAC 19 42% across microenvironments, indicating widespread existence indoor environments. Additionally, cinemas exhibited higher compared (medians 65.9 vs 58.3 μg/g, respectively), heavier emission sources places. Interestingly, significantly observed rooms carpets than those without 65.6 32.6 p < 0.05, respectively). Overall, study sheds light on occurrence environments China.

Язык: Английский

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Occurrence, potential sources, and ecological risks of traditional and novel organophosphate esters in facility agriculture soils: A case study in Beijing, China

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 923, С. 171456 - 171456

Опубликована: Март 4, 2024

Язык: Английский

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High-resolution mass spectrometry-based screening and dietary intake assessment of organophosphate esters in foodstuffs from South China

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 905, С. 167169 - 167169

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2023

Язык: Английский

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