Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food

EFSA Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing 10 congeners: BDE-28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and ‑209. CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects behaviour reproductive/developmental are critical rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE-47, -209) derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint-specific responses. Since repeated exposure PBDEs results accumulation of these chemicals body, estimated body burden at BMDL rodents, chronic intake would lead same humans. remaining six no studies were available identify Points. there is scientific basis inclusion all a common group performed combined assessment. margin (MOET) approach was most appropriate metric applied tiered characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical food used estimate across dietary surveys age groups population. important contributors Lower Bound meat products fish seafood. Taking into account uncertainties affecting assessment, it likely current population raises health concern.

Язык: Английский

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Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic properties of liquid crystal monomers and their detection in indoor residential dust

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 116(52), С. 26450 - 26458

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2019

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are used widely in liquid displays (LCDs), which dramatically changing the world due to provision of convenient communication. However, there essentially no published reports on fate and/or effects LCMs environment. Of 362 currently produced LCMs, 87 were identified as persistent and bioaccumulative (P&B) chemicals, indicated that these chemicals would exhibit resistance degradation mobility after entering Following exposure mixtures LCM collected from 6 LCD devices, significant modulation 5 genes, CYP1A4, PDK4, FGF19, LBFABP, THRSP, was observed vitro. Modulation expressions mRNAs coding for genes has frequently been reported toxic (T) organic pollutants (POPs). In mixtures, 33 individual by use mass spectrometry screened 53 samples dust indoor environments. detectable 47% analyzed samples, 17 at least 1 sample dust. Based chemical properties, including P&B&T their ubiquitous detection initial screening information suggests a need studies determine status trends concentrations various environmental matrices well tissues humans wildlife. There is also more comprehensive vivo potencies during chronic, sublethal exposures.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic transformation of environmentally-relevant brominated flame retardants in Fauna: A review

Environment International, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 161, С. 107097 - 107097

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2022

Over the past few decades, production trends of flame retardant (FR) industry, and specifically for brominated FRs (BFRs), is replacement banned regulated compounds with more highly brominated, higher molecular weight including oligomeric polymeric compounds. Chemical, biological, environmental stability BFRs has received some attention over years but knowledge currently lacking in transformation potential metabolism emerging or novel (E/NBFRs). For articles published since 2015, a systematic search strategy reviewed existing literature on direct (e.g., vitro vivo) non-human BFR fauna (animals). Of 51 papers reviewed, 75 known BFRs, PBDEs were by far most widely studied, followed HBCDDs TBBPA. Experimental protocols between studies showed large disparities exposure incubation times, age, sex, depuration periods, absence active controls used experiments. Species selection emphasized non-standard test animals and/or field-collected making comparisons difficult. studies, confounding variables generally not taken into consideration season time day collection, pollution point-sources human settlements). As 2021 there remains essentially no information fate metabolic pathways kinetics 30 environmentally relevant E/BFRs. Regardless, are clear species-specific BFR-specific differences metabolite formation (e.g. BDE congeners HBCDD isomers). Future vivo metabolism/biotransformation research E/NBFRs required to better understand their bioaccumulation exposed organisms. Also, should be conducted well characterized lab laboratory rodents, zebrafish) commonly collected wildlife species as captive models (crucian carp, Japanese quail, zebra finches polar bears).

Язык: Английский

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Emerging organic contaminants of liquid crystal monomers: Environmental occurrence, recycling and removal technologies, toxicities and health risks

Eco-Environment & Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(3), С. 131 - 141

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2023

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are a family of synthetic organic chemicals applied in the liquid displays (LCDs) various electric and electronic products (e-products). Due to their unique properties (i.e., persistence, bioaccumulative potential, toxicity) widespread environmental distributions, LCMs have attracted increasing attention across world. Recent studies focused on source, distribution, fate, toxicity LCMs; however, comprehensive review is scarce. Herein, we highlighted persistence bioaccumulation potential by reviewing physical-chemical properties. The naming rules were suggested standardize abbreviations regarding LCMs. sources occurrences different compartments, including dust, sediment, soil, leachate, air particulate, human serum, biota samples, reviewed. It concluded that environment mainly originate from usage disassembly e-products with LCDs. Moreover, recycling removal technologies waste LCD panels suggests combination natural attenuation physic-chemical remediation should be developed for remediations future. By health risks LCMs, it found large gap exists risk organisms. fate investigation further investigations effects exposure residents, especially occupational workers, considered

Язык: Английский

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Halogenated Flame Retardants in Predator and Prey Fish From the Laurentian Great Lakes: Age-Dependent Accumulation and Trophic Transfer

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 51(15), С. 8432 - 8441

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2017

The identification, persistence, accumulation and trophic transfer of 25 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, 23 non-PBDE halogenated flame retardants (NPHFRs), 4 polybrominated-diphenoxybenzenes (PB-DiPhOBzs) 6 methoxylated (MeO-) PB-DiPhOBzs were investigated in predator prey fish collected 2010 from sites the North American Great Lakes Ontario (n = 26) Erie 39). Regardless locations or species, 20 PBDEs 12 NPHFRs quantifiable at least one 65 analyzed samples, polybrominated-1,4-diphenoxybenzenes MeO-PB-DiPhOBzs not detectable any samples. Among FRs, greatest concentrations ∑PBDE, ranging 1.06 (Rainbow Smelt, Lake Erie) to 162 (Lake Trout, Ontario) ng/g wet weight (ww), which was followed by mean HBCDD ND 17.3 ww. remaining FRs generally sub-ppb levels. In most cases, FR samples greater than those Erie. Strong significant positive linear relationships occurred between log-normalized (ww lipid (lw)) ages top Trout 16, Ontario), estimated doubling (T2) 2.9-6.4 years. For Walleye Erie, significantly also observed for some but became negative after normalized with weight. This study provides novel information on aquatic organisms, first time, are reported (lw ww) Lakes.

Язык: Английский

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Insight into phototransformation mechanism and toxicity evolution of novel and legacy brominated flame retardants in water: A comparative analysis

Water Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 211, С. 118041 - 118041

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Use of a Novel Double-Crested Cormorant ToxChip PCR Array and the EROD Assay to Determine Effects of Environmental Contaminants in Primary Hepatocytes

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 50(6), С. 3265 - 3274

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2016

In vitro screening tools and 'omics methods are increasingly being incorporated into toxicity studies to determine mechanistic effects of chemicals mixtures. To date, the majority these have been conducted with well-characterized laboratory animal models. present study, well-established developed for chicken embryonic hepatocyte (CEH) were extended a wild avian species, double-crested cormorant (DCCO; Phalacrocorax auritus), in order compare several environmental contaminants on cytotoxicity, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity, mRNA expression. Five organic flame retardants one plasticizer decreased viability similar manner that observed previous CEH. EROD activity was induced concentration-dependent following exposure two dioxin-like calculated EC50 values concordant domestic species from sensitivity categories. Transcriptomic determined using novel DCCO PCR array, which designed, constructed validated our based commercially available array. The array has 27 target genes covering wide range pathways. Gene profiles variable among 10 screened; however, good directional concordance regard results previously obtained Overall, application (i.e., CEH array) demonstrated portability techniques an indicator ecological relevance.

Язык: Английский

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Bioaccumulation of short-chain chlorinated paraffins in chicken (Gallus domesticus): Comparison to fish

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 396, С. 122590 - 122590

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Fluorinated Liquid-Crystal Monomers in Serum from the General Population and Their Impact on Human Health

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(36), С. 15949 - 15959

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2024

Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers (FLCMs) are a potential emerging class of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic compounds. Humans inevitably ingest FLCMs via food the environment. However, there limited studies on internal exposure biomonitoring FLCMs. Herein, we evaluated estimated daily intakes (EDIs) in general population based serum residue levels. For first time, 38 were detected 314 samples from Beijing, with median value 132.48 ng/g lipid weight (lw). BDPrB is predominant FLCM serum. The EDI ∑

Язык: Английский

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Prioritization of 10 organic flame retardants using an avian hepatocyte toxicogenomic assay

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 37(12), С. 3134 - 3144

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2018

Abstract As the number of chemicals developed and used by industry increases, inherent limitations traditional toxicology approaches become an unavoidable issue. To help meet demand for toxicity evaluation, new methods, such as high‐throughput screening, are currently being to permit rapid determination toxic, molecular, and/or biochemical effects a wide range chemicals. In present study, we demonstrate utility avian in vitro toxicogenomics screening approach determine cytotoxic transcriptomic 10 organic flame retardants (OFRs) international priority ecological risk evaluation prioritize inform future toxicological studies. Hepatocytes from 2 species, chicken double‐crested cormorant, were prepared exposed 24 h various concentrations (0–300 μM) following OFRs: Chemical Abstracts Service registration numbers 29761‐21‐5, 56803‐37‐3 ( p ‐tert‐butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate [BPDP]), 65652‐41‐7, 68937‐41‐7 (phenol, isopropylated, [3:1] [IPPP]), 95906‐11‐9, 19186‐97‐1, 26040‐51‐7, 35948‐25‐5, 21850‐44‐2, 25713‐60‐4. Cell viability, 7‐ethoxyresorufin‐ O ‐deethylase assay, analysis using species‐specific ToxChip polymerase chain reaction arrays performed evaluate effect these OFRs. Of OFRs assessed, BPDP IPPP elicited strongest responses both cormorant hepatocytes therefore recommended candidates further wildlife investigations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3134–3144. © 2018 Crown right Canada. Published Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf SETAC.

Язык: Английский

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