Antimicrobial resistance and COVID-19: Intersections and implications

eLife, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2021

Before the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was among top priorities for global public health. Already a complex challenge, AMR now needs to be addressed in changing healthcare landscape. Here, we analyse how changes due COVID-19 terms of usage, infection prevention, and health systems affect emergence, transmission, burden AMR. Increased hand hygiene, decreased international travel, elective hospital procedures may reduce pathogen selection spread short term. However, opposite effects seen if antibiotics are more widely used as standard pathways break down. Over 6 months into pandemic, dynamics remain uncertain. We call community keep perspective while designing finely tuned surveillance research continue improve our preparedness response these intersecting challenges.

Язык: Английский

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Increased Indoor Exposure to Commonly Used Disinfectants during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 7(10), С. 760 - 765

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2020

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs or "quats") make up a class of chemicals used as disinfectants in cleaning and other consumer products. While disinfection is recommended for maintaining safe environment during the COVID-19 pandemic, increased use QACs concerning exposure to these has been associated with adverse effects on reproductive respiratory systems. We have determined occurrence 19 residential dust collected before pandemic. were detected >90% samples pandemic at concentrations ranging from 1.95 531 μg/g (n = 40; median 58.9 μg/g). The total QAC significantly higher than (p < 0.05; n 21; 36.3 Higher found households that generally disinfected more frequently 0.05). Disinfecting products commonly homes analyzed, profiles similar, suggesting can be significant source QACs. Our findings indicate indoor widespread

Язык: Английский

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The silent pandemic: Emergent antibiotic resistances following the global response to SARS-CoV-2

iScience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 24(4), С. 102304 - 102304

Опубликована: Март 14, 2021

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the importance of rapid development vaccines and antivirals. However, potential for emergence antibiotic resistances due to increased use antibacterial cleaning products therapeutics presents an additional, underreported threat. Most cleaners contain simple quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs); however, these are steadily becoming less effective as agents. QACs extensively used in SARS-CoV-2-related sanitization clinical household settings. Similarly, danger secondary infections, increasingly a component COVID-19 treatment regimens, even absence bacterial infection diagnosis. agents is anticipated lead novel coming years.

Язык: Английский

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Quaternary ammonium compounds of emerging concern: Classification, occurrence, fate, toxicity and antimicrobial resistance

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 445, С. 130393 - 130393

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: A Chemical Class of Emerging Concern

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(20), С. 7645 - 7665

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), a large class of chemicals that includes high production volume substances, have been used for decades as antimicrobials, preservatives, and antistatic agents other functions in cleaning, disinfecting, personal care products, durable consumer goods. QAC use has accelerated response to the COVID-19 pandemic banning 19 antimicrobials from several products by US Food Drug Administration 2016. Studies conducted before after onset indicate increased human exposure QACs. Environmental releases these also increased. Emerging information on adverse environmental health impacts QACs is motivating reconsideration risks benefits across life cycle their production, use, disposal. This work presents critical review literature scientific perspective developed multidisciplinary, multi-institutional team authors academia, governmental, nonprofit organizations. The evaluates currently available ecological profile identifies multiple areas potential concern. Adverse effects include acute chronic toxicity susceptible aquatic organisms, with concentrations some approaching levels Suspected or known outcomes dermal respiratory effects, developmental reproductive toxicity, disruption metabolic function such lipid homeostasis, impairment mitochondrial function. QACs' role antimicrobial resistance demonstrated. In regulatory system, how managed depends it used, example pesticides products. can result same receiving different degrees scrutiny depending agency regulating it. Further, Protection Agency's current method grouping based structure, first proposed 1988, insufficient address wide range chemistries, toxicities, scenarios. Consequently, exposures common mixtures sources remain largely unassessed. Some restrictions implemented elsewhere, primarily focused Assessing posed hampered vast structural diversity lack quantitative data majority compounds. important gaps provides research policy recommendations preserving utility chemistries while seeking limit effects.

Язык: Английский

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Increased Use of Disinfectants During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Potential Impacts on Health and Safety

ACS Chemical Health & Safety, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 29(1), С. 27 - 38

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has called for the increased use of disinfectants worldwide in public facilities, transportation, hospitals, nursing homes, wastewater treatment and even common households to mitigate virus burden. Active ingredients recommended against viruses include chemicals such as quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), hydrogen peroxide, bleach (sodium hypochlorite), alcohols. These disinfecting differ their structures, properties, modes action, environmental behaviors, effects on human health upon exposure. Humans can be exposed mainly through dermal absorption, inhalation, ingestion. total exposure relative contribution each route vary considerably among disinfectants. QACs have been linked occupational illnesses asthma an risk chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whereas excess bleach, or alcohol-based cause respiratory damage developing controlling asthma. Recent studies showed that presence blood associated with changes biomarkers increase inflammatory cytokines, decreased mitochondrial function, disruption cholesterol homeostasis a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, repeated during raised questions exposure-related long-term risks safety. Furthermore, lieu lack adequate knowledge awareness, these frequently used porous surfaces, including fabrics/textiles consumer plastics cloth facemasks, which disinfectant chemical residues may persist longer duration, causing potential degradation plastic materials, releasing additives, shedding microplastics. In addition, subsequent discharge into adverse impacts aquatic ecosystems, accumulation vegetables, contamination food chain via irrigation sludge application. This article provides well-rounded understanding most reviews action those disinfectants, interactions terrestrial environments, humans,

Язык: Английский

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Biocide-tolerance and antibiotic-resistance in community environments and risk of direct transfers to humans: Unintended consequences of community-wide surface disinfecting during COVID-19?

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 283, С. 117074 - 117074

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Occurrence and Distribution of Disinfection Byproducts in Domestic Wastewater Effluent, Tap Water, and Surface Water during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in China

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 55(7), С. 4103 - 4114

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

Intensified efforts to curb transmission of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 might lead an elevated concentration disinfectants in domestic wastewater and drinking water China, possibly resulting generation numerous toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this study, occurrence distribution five categories DBPs, including six trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids (HAAs), two haloketones, nitrosamines, aromatic halogenated effluent, tap water, surface were investigated. The results showed that total level measured DBPs effluents (78.3 μg/L) was higher than (56.0 μg/L, p = 0.05), followed by (8.0 < 0.01). Moreover, HAAs THMs most dominant effluents, accounting for >90%, respectively. Out regulated none samples exceeded corresponding maximum guideline values chloroform (300 μg/L), THM4 (80 NDMA (100 ng/L), only 2 35 (67.6 63.3 HAA5 (60 safe limit. risk quotient green algae. This study illustrates use within guidance ranges during did not result a significant increase DBPs.

Язык: Английский

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Altered toxicological endpoints in humans from common quaternary ammonium compound disinfectant exposure

Toxicology Reports, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8, С. 646 - 656

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Humans are frequently exposed to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs). QACs ubiquitously used in medical settings, restaurants, and homes as cleaners disinfectants. Despite their prevalence, nothing is known about the health effects associated with chronic low-level exposure. Chronic QAC toxicity, only recently identified mice, resulted developmental, reproductive, immune dysfunction. Cell based studies indicate increased inflammation, decreased mitochondrial function, disruption of cholesterol synthesis. If these findings translate human multiple physiological processes could be affected. This study tested whether concentrations detected blood 43 volunteers, influenced markers were 80 % participants. Blood increase inflammatory cytokines, homeostasis a dose dependent manner. first measure blood, also demonstrate statistically significant relationships between meaningful related biomarkers. Additionally, results timely light disinfectant exposure occurring due SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Recent advances in sterilization and disinfection technology: A review

Chemosphere, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 308, С. 136404 - 136404

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2022

Язык: Английский

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