Indoor Air Sources of Outdoor Air Pollution: Health Consequences, Policy, and Recommendations: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report

Annals of the American Thoracic Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(3), С. 365 - 376

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

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Язык: Английский

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Building towards an adolescent neural urbanome: Expanding environmental measures using linked external data (LED) in the ABCD study

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 65, С. 101338 - 101338

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

Many recent studies have demonstrated that environmental contexts, both social and physical, an important impact on child adolescent neural behavioral development. The adoption of geospatial methods, such as in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, has facilitated exploration many contexts surrounding participants' residential locations without creating additional burdens for research participants (i.e., youth families) neuroscience studies. However, number linked databases increases, developing a framework considers various domains related to environments external their home becomes crucial. Such needs identify structural contextual factors may yield inequalities children's built natural environments; these differences may, turn, result downstream negative effects children from historically minoritized groups. In this paper, we develop – which describe "adolescent urbanome" use it categorize newly geocoded information incorporated into ABCD Study by Linked External Data (LED) Environment & Policy Working Group. We also highlight relationships between measures possible applications Neural Urbanome. Finally, provide recommendations considerations regarding responsible communication data, highlighting potential harm groups through misuse.

Язык: Английский

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Air pollution disparities and equality assessments of US national decarbonization strategies

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2022

Energy transitions and decarbonization require rapid changes to a nation's electricity generation mix. There are many feasible pathways for the sector, yet there is vast uncertainty about how these will advance or derail energy equality goals. We present framework investigating pathways, driven by least-cost paradigm, impact air pollution inequality across vulnerable groups (e.g., low-income, minorities) in US. find that if no policies implemented, Black high-poverty communities may be burdened with 0.19-0.22 μg/m3 higher PM2.5 concentrations than national average during transition. National mandates requiring more 80% deployment of renewable low-carbon technologies achieve all demographic groups. Thus, optimization capacity expansion models remain dominant decision-making strict technology have greatest likelihood achieving distributional equality. Decarbonization essential climate goals, but myopic ignore co-pollutants leave up 26-34% exposure averages over

Язык: Английский

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The influence of urban exposures and residence on childhood asthma

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2022

Children with asthma who live in urban neighborhoods experience a disproportionately high burden, increased incident and symptoms, exacerbations, acute visits hospitalizations for asthma. There are multiple exposures that contribute to pediatric morbidity, including exposure pest allergens, mold, endotoxin, indoor outdoor air pollution. living also inequities social determinants of health, such as poverty, substandard housing quality, rates obesity, chronic stress. These disparities then turn can increase the risk compound morbidity poor repair is factor infestation mold poverty Environmental interventions reduce in-home allergen concentrations have yielded inconsistent results. Population-level smoking bans public places legislation decrease traffic-related pollution been successful at reducing improving lung function growth. Given interface synergy between it likely population community-level changes will be needed excess burden children neighborhoods.

Язык: Английский

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Location-specific strategies for eliminating US national racial-ethnic PM2.5 exposure inequality

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 119(44)

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2022

Air pollution levels in the United States have decreased dramatically over past decades, yet national racial-ethnic exposure disparities persist. For ambient fine particulate matter ([Formula: see text]), we investigate three emission-reduction approaches and compare their optimal ability to address two goals: 1) reduce overall population average ("overall average") 2) difference for most exposed group versus ("national inequalities"). We show that inequalities can be eliminated with minor emission reductions (optimal: ~1% of total emissions) if they target specific locations. In contrast, achieving outcome using existing regulatory strategies would require eliminating essentially all emissions (if targeting economic sectors) or is not possible requiring urban regions meet concentration standards). Lastly, do find a trade-off between goals (i.e., reducing inequalities); rather, approach does best location-specific strategies) also as well better than other sector-specific meeting standards) averages. Overall, our findings suggest incorporating into US air quality framework crucial long-standing by race-ethnicity benefit exposures much more concentration-standards approaches.

Язык: Английский

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Historical red-lining is associated with fossil fuel power plant siting and present-day inequalities in air pollutant emissions

Nature Energy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(1), С. 52 - 61

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2022

Abstract Stationary sources of air pollution are disproportionately located in communities colour, but the causes for this disparity unclear. Here we assess whether racialized appraisals investment risk (‘red-lining’) undertaken by US federal Home Owners’ Loan Corporation 1930s influenced subsequent siting fossil fuel power plants. Across 8,871 neighbourhoods 196 urban areas, observed a stepwise correlation between grade, number plants and cumulative quantity plant emissions upwind within 5 km. Controlling pre-existing plants, deemed ‘hazardous’ (D ‘red-lined’) had higher likelihood being sited 1940 1969 (72%), 1970 1999 (20%) 2000 2019 (31%), average present-day nitrous oxides (82%), sulfur dioxide (38%) fine particulate matter (63%) compared with ‘declining’ (C-graded) neighbourhoods. Our results suggest racism housing market contributed to inequalities burdens.

Язык: Английский

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Ambient Air Pollution and Socioeconomic Status in China

Environmental Health Perspectives, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 130(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2022

Background: Air pollution disparities by socioeconomic status (SES) are well documented for the United States, with most literature indicating an inverse relationship (i.e., higher concentrations lower-SES populations). Few studies exist China, a country accounting 26% of global premature deaths from ambient air pollution. Objective: Our objective was to test between exposures and SES in China. Methods: We combined estimated year 2015 annual-average levels nitrogen dioxide (NO2) fine particulate matter [PM ≤2.5μm aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] national demographic information. Pollution estimates were derived empirical model China at 1-km spatial resolution; gridded gross product (GDP) per capita resolution, (separately) representative sample 21,095 individuals Health Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) cohort. use data on population density cohort where people live helped avoid imprecision found publicly available census quantified among individual’s rural-to-urban migration status; factors (education, occupation, income); minority status. compared results using three approaches measurement: individual score, community-averaged GDP capita. Results: Ambient NO2 PM2.5 higher-SES populations than population, long-standing urban residents migrant populations, majority ethnic group (Han) average across nine groups. For measurements (individual capita), 1-interquartile range corresponded 6–9 μg/m3 3–6 PM2.5; highest lowest 20th percentile differed 41–89% 12–25% PM2.5. This pattern held rural locations, geographic regions, wide modeled vs. measured concentrations. Conclusions: Multiple analyses here reveal that high-SES low-SES individuals; these robust multiple sensitivity analyses. findings consistent idea China’s current industrialization urbanization stage, economic development is correlated both To our knowledge, study provides comprehensive picture date China; differ dramatically theories explain conditions States. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9872

Язык: Английский

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National and Intraurban Air Pollution Exposure Disparity Estimates in the United States: Impact of Data-Aggregation Spatial Scale

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(9), С. 786 - 791

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2022

Air pollution exposure disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status have been analyzed using data aggregated at various spatial scales. Our research question is this: To what extent does the scale of aggregation impact estimated disparities? We compared calculated spatially five administrative scales (state, county, census tract, block group, block) in contiguous United States 2010. Specifically, for each scales, we national intraurban to fine particles (PM2.5) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) characteristics demographic an empirical statistical air model that scale. found, both pollutants, disparity estimates based on state county often substantially underestimated those tract finer scales; contrast, were generally consistent data. Similarly, well correlated pollutants across urban areas, although some cases different, with more frequently leading underestimates analyses.

Язык: Английский

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Institutional Racism and Health: a Framework for Conceptualization, Measurement, and Analysis

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(4), С. 1997 - 2019

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Air quality policy should quantify effects on disparities

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 381(6655), С. 272 - 274

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2023

New tools can guide US policies to better target and reduce racial socioeconomic disparities in air pollution exposure.

Язык: Английский

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