FirePhysChem,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
4(3), С. 201 - 210
Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2023
In
the
field
of
energetic
materials,
traditional
materials
with
high
toxicity
or
other
disadvantages
are
mostly
used.
There
is
an
urgent
need
for
trinitrotoluene
replacements
(TNT),
which
itself
toxic
and
its
production
problematic
due
to
red
wastewater.
New
should
be
safe
handle,
have
good
performance,
inexpensive
synthesize.
Nitratoalkylazoles
known
low
melting
points
properties
compared
TNT.
this
paper,
seven
compounds
synthesized
starting
from
5-methyltetrazole,
5-hydroxymethyltetrazole
4,5-bishydroxymethyltriazole.
The
nitrates
characterized
in
terms
their
physical,
chemical,
properties.
Of
those
compounds,
five
solid,
between
27
110°C,
two
liquid.
Methylation
hydroxyalkylation
were
performed
discussed
extensively.
organic
nitrate
introduced
last
step
so
that
synthesis
remains
scalable.
Correlations
molecular
geometry
explained.
Calculations
indicate
detonation
velocities
6-11%
higher
than
A
discussion
effect
isomerism
on
leads
surprising
insights
help
focus
accelerate
research
replacement
Russian Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
92(1), С. RCR5066 - RCR5066
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
The
chemistry
of
organic
di-
and
polyazides
has
been
extensively
developed
in
recent
years.
Methods
for
the
synthesis
1,1-
1,2-diazides
are
diverse
include
stoichiometric,
catalytic,
photochemical
electrochemical
approaches.
These
compounds
highly
reactive
involved
a
wide
range
reactions,
from
thermal
transformations
to
click
chemistry.
Of
particular
attention
transformations,
which
one
azido
group
undergoes
intramolecular
cyclization,
while
another
remains
intact
can
participate
further
chemical
transformations.
Tri-
investigated
as
precursors
production
high-energy
materials
high-molecular-weight
compounds.
This
review
addresses
methods
containing
two
or
more
groups
their
Aliphatic,
aromatic
heteroaromatic
diazides
considered.
Specific
characteristic
geminal
vicinal
diazides,
differ
reactions
monoazides,
described.
Examples
practical
application
di-,
tri-
highlighted.<br>
bibliography
includes
355
references
Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
61(6), С. 839 - 851
Опубликована: Март 22, 2024
Abstract
Organic
azides
are
universally
important
in
many
areas
of
chemistry,
particularly
organic
synthesis.
The
availability
these
often
depends
on
specific
transfer
reagents
and
reaction
conditions,
or
only
work
with
certain
substrates.
Customizable
offer
a
safe
direct
pathway
to
desired
compounds,
thereby
increasing
the
N
‐alkyl‐azides.
In
an
effort
streamline
synthesis
broaden
scope
‐azidoethyl‐containing
molecules,
three
different
versatile
azidoethyl
were
synthesized
uniform
protocol
azoles
as
substrates,
including
imidazole,
pyrazole,
1,2,3‐triazole,
1,2,4‐triazole,
tetrazole
was
established.
resulting
azidoethyl‐azoles
further
used
ligands
for
energetic
coordination
compounds
create
new
lead‐free
primary
explosives.
A
comprehensive
characterization
reagents,
azidoethyl‐containing
products,
conducted
using
multinuclear
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
(NMR),
elemental
analysis,
mass
spectrometry,
infrared
spectroscopy
(IR).
Furthermore,
their
thermal
stability
sensitivity
toward
friction
impact
determined
well
detonation
properties
calculated
by
EXPLO5
code.
Crystal Growth & Design,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
22(10), С. 6215 - 6223
Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2022
Ethylene
glycol
dinitrate
(EGDN),
diethylene
(DEGDN),
and
triethylene
(TEGDN)
are
used
as
plasticizers
in
propellant
mixtures
have
been
known
for
more
than
100
years.
Despite
the
industrial
application
long
history
of
these
compounds,
crystal
structures
all
three
which
liquids
at
room
temperature,
not
determined.
Therefore,
this
work,
were
examined
by
low-temperature
X-ray
diffraction,
thus,
bonding
properties
packing
solid
state
could
be
compared
discussed
first
time.
Furthermore,
compounds
characterized
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
spectroscopy
infrared
spectroscopy.
The
thermal
investigated
DTA
(differential
analysis)
measurements,
experimental
vapor
pressures
measured
with
chromatography-assisted
transpiration
method.
densities
temperature
(for
liquids)
gas
pycnometry,
energetic
calculated
using
EXPLO5
code.
Moreover,
a
in-depth
analysis
different
sensitivities
through
discussion
Hirshfeld
surfaces,
created
based
on
their
structures,
was
performed
to
compare
state.
Defence Technology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
35, С. 100 - 107
Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2023
Melt-cast
explosives
are
the
most
widely
used
energetic
materials
in
military
composite
explosives,
researchers
have
been
unremittingly
exploring
high-energy
and
insensitive
melt-cast
explosives.
In
this
work,
a
series
of
dinitrophenyl-oxadiazole
compounds
were
designed
prepared.
These
an
ideal
low
melting
point
(80–97
°C),
good
detonation
performance
(detonation
velocity
D
=
6455–6971
m/s,
pressure
P
18–19
GPa)
extreme
nature
(impact
sensitivity
≥60
J,
friction
>360
N).
All
these
well
characterized
by
nuclear
magnetic
resonance,
fourier
transform
infrared
spectroscopy,
elemental
analysis.
Compounds
2,
3
unambiguously
confirmed
X-ray
single
crystal
diffraction
As
result,
their
overall
properties
superior
to
traditional
trinitrotoluene
(TNT)
dinitroanisole
(DNAN)
which
may
excellent
potential
applications
Molecules,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
28(18), С. 6489 - 6489
Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2023
Desirable
advancements
in
the
field
of
explosive
materials
include
development
novel
melt-castable
compounds
with
melting
points
ranging
from
80
to
110
°C.
This
is
particularly
important
due
limited
performance
and
high
toxicity
associated
TNT
(trinitrotoluene).
In
this
study,
a
series
innovative
explosives
featuring
nitratoalkyl
azidoalkyl
functionalities
attached
3-nitro-,
4-nitro-,
3,4-dinitropyrazole,
or
3-azido-4-nitropyrazole
scaffold
are
introduced.
These
were
synthesized
using
straightforward
methods
thoroughly
characterized
various
analytical
techniques,
including
single-crystal
X-ray
diffraction,
IR
spectroscopy,
multinuclear
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
(NMR)
mass
spectrometry,
elemental
analysis,
DTA.
Furthermore,
energetic
properties
such
as
(theoretical)
data,
sensitivities,
compatibilities
evaluated
compared
among
different
structures.
Dalton Transactions,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
53(16), С. 7100 - 7104
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
A
scalable
synthesis
of
azidomethyl
bisoxadiazol
linked-1,2,3-triazole-(ABT)
based
potential
liquid
propellant
and
energetic
plasticizer
is
obtained
from
commercially
available
diaminomaleonitrile
in
excellent
yield.
Newly
synthesized
compounds
were
fully
characterized
by
various
spectroscopic
techniques.
These
materials
exhibit
good
densities
(1.77
g
cm
Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
48(8)
Опубликована: Май 19, 2023
Abstract
The
goal
of
this
research
project
was
to
establish
a
literature
known
explosive,
which
can
be
used
as
future
melt‐cast
explosive.
substance
should
not
only
theoretically
suitable
substitute
but
also
meet
all
industrially
relevant
requirements.
Therefore,
intensive
executed
filter
appropriate
candidates.
three
most
promising
substances
were
re‐synthesized
verify
their
key
properties.
If
criteria
the
requirements,
synthesis
optimization
and
preindustrial
upscaling
carried
out.
With
the
increase
in
demand
for
high-performance
composite
explosives,
search
advanced
energetic
melt-castable
compounds
has
attracted
increasing
attention
field
of
materials.
Herein,
two
new
materials
with
nitromethyl
and
azidomethyl
substituents
(1-(nitromethyl)-3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazole
(NMDNP)
1-(azidomethyl)-3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazole
(AMDNP)
were
prepared
by
substituent
modification
a
potential
molecule
((3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)
methyl
nitrate,
MC-4),
respectively.
NMDNP
exhibited
suitable
melting
point
(90
°C),
good
thermal
stability
(Td
:
185
°C)
excellent
detonation
performance
(8484
m
s-1
)
impact
sensitivity
(25
J),
thereby
demonstrating
promise
as
an
material.
Simultaneously,
compared
nitrato-methyl
substituents,
greater
advantages
regulating
performance.
