Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2024
Multiple
sclerosis
(MS),
a
debilitating
autoimmune
disorder
targeting
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
is
marked
by
relentless
demyelination
and
inflammation.
Clinically,
it
presents
in
three
distinct
forms:
relapsing-remitting
MS
(RRMS),
primary
progressive
(PPMS),
secondary
(SPMS).
While
disease-modifying
therapies
(DMTs)
offer
some
relief
to
people
with
RRMS,
treatment
options
for
(pMS)
remain
frustratingly
inadequate.
This
gap
highlights
an
urgent
need
advanced
disease
modeling
techniques
unravel
intricate
pathology
of
pMS.
Human
induced
pluripotent
stem
cell
(iPSC)
technologies
brain
organoids
are
emerging
as
promising
tools
both
2D
3D
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024
Abstract
Cell
spheroids
(esp.
organoids)
as
3D
culture
platforms
are
popular
models
for
representing
cell–cell
and
cell–extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
interactions,
bridging
the
gap
between
2D
cell
cultures
natural
tissues.
with
spatially
organized
multiple
types
preferred
gaining
comprehensive
insights
into
tissue
pathophysiology
constructing
in
vitro
tissues
disease
because
of
complexities
In
recent
years,
an
assembly
strategy
using
(or
living
building
blocks
has
been
developed
to
construct
complex
spatial
organization.
Here,
a
overview
advances
multispheroid
studies
is
provided.
The
different
mechanisms
techniques,
i.e.,
automated
directed
assembly,
noncontact
remote
programmed
self‐assembly,
introduced.
processing
steps,
advantages,
technical
limitations
existing
methodologies
summarized.
Applications
strategies
modeling,
drug
screening,
engineering,
organogenesis
reviewed.
Finally,
this
review
concludes
by
emphasizing
persistent
issues
future
perspectives,
encouraging
researchers
adopt
techniques
generating
advanced
that
better
resemble
real
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025
Abstract
To
comprehend
the
volumetric
neural
connectivity
of
a
brain
organoid,
it
is
crucial
to
monitor
spatiotemporal
electrophysiological
signals
within
known
as
intra-organoid
signals.
However,
previous
methods
risked
damaging
three-dimensional
(3D)
cytoarchitecture
organoids,
either
through
sectioning
or
inserting
rigid
needle-like
electrodes.
Also,
limited
numbers
electrodes
in
fixed
positions
with
non-adjustable
electrode
shapes
were
insufficient
for
examining
complex
activity
throughout
organoid.
Herein,
we
present
magnetically
reshapable
3D
multi-electrode
array
(MEA)
using
direct
printing
liquid
metals
analysis
organoids.
The
adaptable
distribution
and
softness
these
printed
facilitate
recording
Furthermore,
unique
capability
reshape
soft
organoid
magnetic
fields
allows
single
MEA
record
from
multiple
points,
effectively
increasing
site
density
without
need
additional
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2023
Many
neurodegenerative
diseases
are
identified
but
their
causes
and
cure
far
from
being
well-known.
The
problem
resides
in
the
complexity
of
neural
tissue
its
location
which
hinders
easy
evaluation.
Although
necessary
drug
discovery
process,
vivo
animal
models
need
to
be
reduced
show
relevant
differences
with
human
tissues
that
guide
scientists
inquire
about
other
possible
options
lead
vitro
explored.
From
organoids
organ-on-a-chips,
3D
considered
cutting-edge
technology
cell
culture.
Cell
choice
is
a
big
parameter
take
into
consideration
when
planning
an
model
cells
capable
mimicking
both
healthy
diseased
tissue,
such
as
induced
pluripotent
stem
(iPSC),
recognized
good
candidates.
Hence,
we
present
critical
review
latest
used
study
disease,
how
these
have
evolved
introducing
microfluidics
platforms,
cultures,
use
better
mimic
environment
pathological
conditions.
Biosensors,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(9), С. 892 - 892
Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2023
Neurotransmitters
are
chemical
compounds
released
by
nerve
cells,
including
neurons,
astrocytes,
and
oligodendrocytes,
that
play
an
essential
role
in
the
transmission
of
signals
living
organisms,
particularly
central
nervous
system,
they
also
perform
roles
realizing
function
maintaining
state
each
organ
body.
The
dysregulation
neurotransmitters
can
cause
neurological
disorders.
This
highlights
significance
precise
neurotransmitter
monitoring
to
allow
early
diagnosis
treatment.
review
provides
a
complete
multidisciplinary
examination
electrochemical
biosensors
integrating
nanomaterials
nanotechnologies
order
achieve
accurate
detection
neurotransmitters.
We
introduce
extensively
researched
their
respective
functions
biological
beings.
Subsequently,
classified
based
on
methodologies
employed
for
direct
detection,
encompassing
recently
documented
cell-based
systems.
These
methods
involve
neuronal
cells
vitro,
identification
emitted
stem
vivo
incorporation
into
has
potential
assist
timely
management
study
significant
insights
researchers
clinicians
regarding
its
implications
numerous
applications.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2023
Osteoarthritis
(OA)
is
one
of
the
most
common
degenerative
joint
diseases,
significantly
impacting
individuals
and
society.
With
acceleration
global
aging,
incidence
OA
increasing.
The
pathogenesis
osteoarthritis
not
fully
understood,
there
no
effective
way
to
alleviate
progression
osteoarthritis.
Therefore,
it
necessary
develop
new
disease
models
seek
treatments
for
OA.
Cartilage
organoids
are
three-dimensional
tissue
masses
that
can
simulate
organ
structure
physiological
function
play
an
important
role
in
modeling,
drug
screening,
regenerative
medicine.
This
review
will
briefly
analyze
research
progress
OA,
focusing
on
construction
current
development
cartilage
organoids,
then
describe
application
regeneration
repair
bone
defects.
Finally,
some
challenges
prospects
cartilaginous
discussed.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
19
Опубликована: Май 15, 2025
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
complex
neurodegenerative
condition
characterized
by
multifaceted
interplay
of
genetic,
environmental,
and
pathological
factors.
Traditional
diagnostic
research
methods,
including
neuropsychological
assessments,
imaging,
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
biomarkers,
have
advanced
our
understanding
but
remain
limited
late-stage
detection
challenges
in
modeling
progression.
The
emergence
three-dimensional
(3D)
brain
organoids
(BOs)
offers
transformative
platform
for
bridging
these
gaps.
BOs
derived
from
patient-specific
induced
pluripotent
stem
cells
(iPSCs)
mimic
the
structural
functional
complexities
human
brain.
This
advancement
an
alternative
or
complementary
approach
studying
AD
pathology,
β-amyloid
tau
protein
aggregation,
neuroinflammation,
aging
processes.
By
integrating
biological
complexity
with
cutting-edge
technological
tools
such
as
organ-on-a-chip
systems,
microelectrode
arrays,
artificial
intelligence-driven
digital
twins
(DTs),
it
hoped
that
will
facilitate
real-time
progression
response
to
interventions.
These
models
capture
central
nervous
system
biomarkers
establish
correlations
peripheral
markers,
fostering
holistic
mechanisms.
Furthermore,
provide
scalable
ethically
sound
animal
models,
advancing
drug
discovery
personalized
therapeutic
strategies.
convergence
DTs
potentially
represents
significant
shift
research,
enhancing
predictive
preventive
capacities
through
precise
vitro
simulations
individual
trajectories.
underscores
potential
medicine,
reducing
reliance
on
invasive
diagnostics
while
promoting
early
intervention.
As
progresses,
sporadic
familial
within
this
framework
promises
refine
heterogeneity
drive
innovations
treatment
care.
