Frontiers in Sustainability,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5
Опубликована: Май 23, 2024
Many
actions
are
underway
at
global,
national,
and
local
levels
to
increase
plastics
circularity.
However,
studies
evaluating
the
environmental
socio-economic
impacts
of
such
a
transition
lacking
regional
in
United
States.
In
this
work,
existing
polyethylene
terephthalate
polyolefin
supply
chains
Michigan
were
compared
potential
future
(‘NextCycle’)
scenario
that
looks
increasing
Michigan’s
overall
recycling
rate
45%.
Material
flow
analysis
data
was
combined
with
metrics
evaluate
sustainability
these
for
modeled
scenarios.
Overall,
NextCycle
achieved
net
14%
34%
savings
greenhouse
gas
(GHG)
emissions
energy
impacts,
when
their
respective
baseline
values.
Additionally,
showed
gain
employment
wages,
however,
it
loss
revenue
generation
outside
due
avoided
use
virgin
resins
Michigan.
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(2), С. 514 - 524
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2023
The
establishment
of
the
circular
economy
(CE)
for
plastics
aims
to
reduce
material
losses
and
dependence
on
virgin
materials;
however,
this
practice
does
not
necessarily
imply
reduction
life-cycle
impacts.
In
study,
a
CE
sustainability
analysis
framework
combining
assessment
(LCA)
flow
(MFA)
was
developed
simultaneously
evaluate
impacts
circularity
metrics
implementing
different
strategies
production
plastic
packaging,
using
poly(ethylene
terephthalate)
(PET)
bottles
as
an
example.
included
increasing
recycling
rate
PET
integrating
two
chemical
technologies
in
industrial
development:
enzymatic
hydrolysis
methanolysis.
energy
use
methanolysis
estimated
be
57
38
MJ/kg
PET,
respectively,
while
accounted
greenhouse
gas
(GHG)
emissions
3.0
2.0
kg
CO2
e/kg
respectively.
at
system
level
demonstrated
that
compared
current
practice,
relying
97%
resin,
joint
implementation
these
generated
similar
GHG
(3.2
bottle)
but
reduced
solid
waste
generation
by
56
64%,
Based
present
technology
development,
share
mechanically
recycled
resin
bottle
manufacturing
decarbonized
electricity
grid
resulted
14
9%
lower
emissions,
than
supply
chain.
Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
44, С. 100871 - 100871
Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2023
The
increasing
activities
in
plastics
recycling
have
led
to
a
sprawl
of
terminology
describing
different
technologies
and
technology
categorizations.
This
creates
not
only
linguistic
confusion,
but
also
makes
it
difficult
for
regulators,
investors,
corporate
leaders
other
stakeholders
fully
understand
the
relationship
between
technologies,
potentially
leading
suboptimal
decisions
on
policy,
investment,
or
collaboration.
To
bring
clarity
this
topic,
manuscript
provides
an
overview
(i)
circular
pathways
plastics,
with
focus
recycling,
(ii)
most
common
categorization
(iii)
what
is
considered
'recycling'
by
European
Commission
(iv)
some
alternative
terms
used
grey
academic
literature
describe
technologies.
Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1), С. 139 - 161
Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024
Various
technologies
and
strategies
have
been
proposed
to
decarbonize
the
chemical
industry.
Assessing
decarbonization,
environmental,
economic
implications
of
these
is
critical
identifying
pathways
a
more
sustainable
industrial
future.
This
study
reviews
recent
advancements
integration
systems
analysis
models,
including
process
analysis,
material
flow
life
cycle
assessment,
techno-economic
machine
learning.
These
models
are
categorized
based
on
analytical
methods
application
scales
(i.e.,
micro-,
meso-,
macroscale)
for
promising
decarbonization
(e.g.,
carbon
capture,
storage,
utilization,
biomass
feedstock,
electrification)
circular
economy
strategies.
Incorporating
forward-looking,
data-driven
approaches
into
existing
allows
optimizing
complex
assessing
future
impacts.
Although
advances
in
ecology–,
economic-,
planetary
boundary–based
modeling
support
holistic
systems-level
efforts
needed
consider
impacts
ecosystems.
Effective
applications
advanced,
integrated
require
cross-disciplinary
collaborations
across
engineering,
ecology,
economics.
Sustainability,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(10), С. 3926 - 3926
Опубликована: Май 8, 2024
Polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET)
is
widely
used
as
a
primary
plastic
packaging
material
in
the
global
socio-economic
system.
However,
research
on
metabolic
characteristics
of
PET
industry
across
different
countries,
particularly
regarding
entire
life
cycle
supply
chain
PET,
remains
insufficient,
significantly
hindering
progress
addressing
pollution
worldwide.
This
study
employs
Life
Cycle
Assessment-Material
Flow
Analysis
(LCA-MFA)
method
to
comprehensively
analyze
environmental
impacts
plastics,
with
focus
processes
from
production
disposal
12
regions
(covering
41
countries)
2020.
By
constructing
13
scenarios
and
analyzing
development
trajectory
plastics
2020
2030,
this
provides
scientific
evidence
specific
strategies
for
waste
reduction
emission
measures
industry.
Overall,
2020,
(41
consumed
7297.7
kilotons
(kt)
virgin
resin
1189.4
kt
recycled
resin;
23%
was
manufactured
into
materials,
42%
went
landfills,
35%
incinerated.
In
emitted
approximately
534.6
million
tons
(Mt)
carbon
dioxide
equivalent
per
year,
emissions
accounting
46.1%,
manufacturing
stage
44.7%,
treatment
9.2%.
Research
indicates
that
under
scenario
controlled
demand,
resource
efficiency
improvement
are
most
effective,
potentially
reducing
by
up
40%.
One Earth,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
7(3), С. 520 - 531
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
In
2019,
the
United
States
consumed
over
57
million
metric
tons
(MMT)
of
plastic
with
less
than
7%
recovered
for
reuse.
This
study
provides
an
updated
material
flow
analysis
at
national
and
regional
scales
all
durable
single-use
plastics
in
States.
From
this
analysis,
we
develop
a
series
alternative
future
scenarios
that
envision
scale-up
recycling
technologies,
incorporating
technical
limitations
sorting
infrastructure
constraints.
The
results
suggest
maximum
68%
(24
MMT)
waste
could
be
diverted
from
landfills
by
scaling
up
existing
commercial
technologies.
Based
on
current
technological
landscape,
reaching
near-zero
is
only
possible
if
processes
are
operating
pilot
laboratory
can
effectively
scaled
coupled
improved
infrastructure.
Through
these
increased
recycling,
availability
postconsumer
resin
stocks
increase
22–43
MMT.
Journal of Industrial Ecology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
27(6), С. 1538 - 1552
Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2023
Abstract
The
United
States
is
the
world's
second‐largest
producer
and
consumer
of
plastics
largest
plastic
waste.
Understanding
sources,
drivers,
destinations
production,
consumption,
waste
critical
for
to
develop
strategies
toward
a
zero‐plastic
pollution
future.
Here,
we
characterize
dynamic
material
flows
stocks
in
nearly
seven
decades
(1950–2018)
project
future
trajectories
until
2050
under
various
scenarios
on
basis
reduce,
reuse,
recycle
explore
pathways
zero
pollution.
Our
estimation
shows
that
1479
MMt
were
produced
from
1950
2018,
75
domestically
recycled,
139
virgin
polymers
exported,
9
recycled
imported.
Currently,
about
326
still
remain
society
as
in‐use
stock,
most
which
(63%)
are
construction
sector.
Plastic
would
almost
double
37
2018
86
if
current
consumption
pattern
management
unchanged.
Single
(i.e.,
bag
ban
extended
lifespan)
could
only
contribute
limited
reductions
(2%–12%)
pollution,
not
be
able
reverse
increasing
trajectory
2050.
Additional
measures
needed,
such
improving
recycling
avoiding
landfilling
analysis
can
provide
insights
help
long‐term
mitigate
eliminate
