Soil quality – A critical review

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 120, С. 105 - 125

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2018

Sampling and analysis or visual examination of soil to assess its status use potential is widely practiced from plot national scales. However, the choice relevant attributes interpretation measurements are not straightforward, because complexity site-specificity soils, legacy effects previous land use, trade-offs between ecosystem services. Here we review quality related concepts, in terms definition, assessment approaches, indicator selection interpretation. We identify most frequently used indicators under agricultural use. find that explicit evaluation with respect specific threats, functions services has rarely been implemented, few approaches provide clear schemes measured values. This limits their adoption by managers as well policy. also consider novel address currently neglected though important properties processes, list crucial steps development a procedure scientifically sound supports management policy decisions account for multi-functionality soil. requires involvement pertinent actors, stakeholders end-users much larger degree than date.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2020

The field of microbiome research has evolved rapidly over the past few decades and become a topic great scientific public interest. As result this rapid growth in interest covering different fields, we are lacking clear commonly agreed definition term "microbiome." Moreover, consensus on best practices is missing. Recently, panel international experts discussed current gaps frame European-funded MicrobiomeSupport project. meeting brought together about 40 leaders from diverse areas, while more than hundred all world took part an online survey accompanying workshop. This article excerpts outcomes workshop corresponding embedded short historical introduction future outlook. We propose based compact, clear, comprehensive description provided by Whipps et al. 1988, amended with set novel recommendations considering latest technological developments findings. clearly separate terms microbiota provide discussion composition microbiota, heterogeneity dynamics microbiomes time space, stability resilience microbial networks, core microbiomes, functionally relevant keystone species as well co-evolutionary principles microbe-host inter-species interactions within microbiome. These broad definitions suggested unifying concepts will help to improve standardization studies future, could be starting point for integrated assessment data resulting transfer knowledge basic science into practice. Furthermore, standards important solving new challenges associated anthropogenic-driven changes planetary health, which understanding might play key role. Video Abstract.

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Soil Microorganisms in Plant Mineral Nutrition—Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2017

In their natural environment plants are part of a rich ecosystem including numerous and diverse microorganisms in the soil. It has been long recognized that some these microbes, such as mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacteria, play important roles plant performance by improving mineral nutrition. However, full range microbes associated with potential to replace synthetic agricultural inputs only recently started be uncovered. last few years great progress made knowledge on composition rhizospheric microbiomes dynamics. There is clear evidence shape microbiome structures, most probably root exudates, also bacteria have developed various adaptations thrive niche. The mechanisms interactions processes driving alterations however largely unknown. this review we focus interaction enhancing nutrition, summarizing current several research fields can converge improve our understanding molecular underpinning phenomenon.

Язык: Английский

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A review on the plant microbiome: Ecology, functions, and emerging trends in microbial application

Journal of Advanced Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 19, С. 29 - 37

Опубликована: Март 20, 2019

Plants have evolved with a plethora of microorganisms having important roles for plant growth and health. A considerable amount information is now available on the structure dynamics microbiota as well functional capacities isolated community members. Due to interesting potential due current challenges in crop production there an urgent need bring microbial innovations into practice. Different approaches microbiome improvement exist. On one hand strains or strain combinations can be applied, however, field success often variable urgently required. Smart, knowledge-driven selection needed use suitable delivery formulations. other hand, farming practices genotype influence thus functioning. Therefore, appropriate breeding leading improved plant-microbiome interactions are avenues increase benefit microbiota. In conclusion, different making new generation inoculants application microbiome-based agro-management lines could lead better microbiome. This paper reviews importance functionalities bacterial discusses concepts regard plant-associated bacteria.

Язык: Английский

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Agricultural intensification reduces microbial network complexity and the abundance of keystone taxa in roots

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 13(7), С. 1722 - 1736

Опубликована: Март 8, 2019

Root-associated microbes play a key role in plant performance and productivity, making them important players agroecosystems. So far, very few studies have assessed the impact of different farming systems on root microbiota it is still unclear whether agricultural intensification influences structure complexity microbial communities. We investigated conventional, no-till, organic wheat fungal communities using PacBio SMRT sequencing samples collected from 60 farmlands Switzerland. Organic harbored much more complex network with significantly higher connectivity than conventional no-till systems. The abundance keystone taxa was highest under where lowest. also found strong negative association (R2 = 0.366; P < 0.0001) between connectivity. occurrence best explained by soil phosphorus levels, bulk density, pH, mycorrhizal colonization. majority are known to form arbuscular associations plants belong orders Glomerales, Paraglomerales, Diversisporales. Supporting this, fungi roots soils farming. To our knowledge, this first study report for agroecosystems, we demonstrate that reduces microbiome.

Язык: Английский

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Mineral vs. Organic Amendments: Microbial Community Structure, Activity and Abundance of Agriculturally Relevant Microbes Are Driven by Long-Term Fertilization Strategies

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2016

Soil management is fundamental to all agricultural systems and fertilization practices have contributed substantially the impressive increases in food production. Despite pivotal role of soil microorganisms agro-ecosystems, we still a limited understanding complex response microbiota organic mineral very long-term. Here report effects different regimes (mineral, combined fertilization), carried out for more than century, on structure activity microbiome. Organic matter content, nutrient concentrations microbial biomass carbon were significantly increased by mineral, even strongly fertilization. Pyrosequencing revealed significant differences between structures bacterial fungal communities associated each regime. diversity, stimulated groups (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria Zygomycota) that are known prefer nutrient-rich environments, involved degradation compounds. In contrast, soils not receiving manure harbored distinct enriched oligotrophic organisms adapted nutrient-limited as Acidobacteria. The regime also affected relative abundances plant beneficial detrimental taxa, which may influence productivity stability agroecosystem. As expected, exoenzymes carbon, nitrogen phosphorous mineralization enhanced both types However, contrast comparable studies, highest chitinase phosphatase activities observed solely fertilized soil. Interestingly, these two enzymes showed particular high biomass-specific strong negative relation with pH. many parameters change slowly, particularity unchanged treatments since 1902 allows profound assessment linkages abiotic well biotic parameters. Our study pH TOC majors, while pools minors, drivers community. Due long-term studied, our findings likely represent permanent stable, rather transient, responses

Язык: Английский

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Cropping practices manipulate abundance patterns of root and soil microbiome members paving the way to smart farming

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2018

Harnessing beneficial microbes presents a promising strategy to optimize plant growth and agricultural sustainability. Little is known which extent how specifically soil microbiomes can be manipulated through different cropping practices. Here, we investigated wheat root microbial communities in system experiment consisting of conventional organic managements, both with tillage intensities. While richness was marginally affected, found pronounced effects on community composition, were specific for the respective microbiomes. Soil bacterial primarily structured by tillage, whereas fungal responded mainly management type additional tillage. In roots, also driving factor bacteria but not fungi, generally determined changes intensity. To quantify an "effect size" microbiota manipulation, that about 10% variation explained tested Cropping sensitive taxonomically diverse, they guilds taxa These included frequent members or co-occurring many other community, suggesting practices may allow manipulation influential members. Understanding abundance patterns basis towards developing strategies smart farming. For future targeted management—e.g., foster certain practices—a next step will identify functional traits microbes.

Язык: Английский

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Understanding and exploiting plant beneficial microbes

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 38, С. 155 - 163

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2017

After a century of incremental research, technological advances, coupled with need for sustainable crop yield increases, have reinvigorated the study beneficial plant-microbe interactions attention focused on how microbiomes alter plant phenotypes. We review recent advances in microbiome and describe potential applications increasing productivity. The phylogenetic diversity is increasingly well characterized, their functional becoming more accessible. Large culture collections are available controlled experimentation, to come. Genetic resources being brought bear questions function. expect that microbial amendments varying complexities will expose rules governing contributing growth promotion disease resistance, enabling agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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Long‐term nitrogen fertilization decreases bacterial diversity and favors the growth of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in agro‐ecosystems across the globe

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 24(8), С. 3452 - 3461

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2018

Abstract Long‐term elevated nitrogen (N) input from anthropogenic sources may cause soil acidification and decrease crop yield, yet the response of belowground microbial community to long‐term N alone or in combination with phosphorus (P) potassium (K) is poorly understood. We explored effect NPK fertilization on bacterial diversity composition using meta‐analysis a global dataset. Nitrogen decreased pH , increased organic carbon (C) available contents. Bacterial taxonomic was by alone, but fertilization. The varied texture water management, independent type application rate. Changes were positively related both C content under only Microbial biomass decreasing relative abundance Proteobacteria Actinobacteria reduced Acidobacteria consistent general life history strategy theory for bacteria. positive correlation between rate indicates that availability favored growth . This first analysis differentially affects provides reference nutrient management strategies maintaining agro‐ecosystems worldwide.

Язык: Английский

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Soil structure and microbiome functions in agroecosystems

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 4(1), С. 4 - 18

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2022

Язык: Английский

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