Current Biology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
30(23), С. 4665 - 4681.e6
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2020
Spatial
orientation
requires
the
execution
of
lateralized
movements
and
a
change
in
animal's
heading
response
to
multiple
sensory
modalities.
While
much
research
has
focused
on
circuits
for
integration,
chiefly
midbrain
superior
colliculus
(SC),
downstream
cells
that
engage
adequate
motor
actions
have
remained
elusive.
Furthermore,
mechanisms
supporting
trajectory
changes
are
still
speculative.
Here,
using
transneuronal
viral
tracings
mice,
we
show
brainstem
V2a
neurons,
genetically
defined
subtype
glutamatergic
neurons
reticular
formation,
receive
putative
synaptic
inputs
from
contralateral
SC.
This
makes
them
candidate
relay
orienting
commands.
We
next
unilateral
optogenetic
activations
vivo
evoked
ipsilateral
orienting-like
responses
head
nose
tip
stationary
mice.
When
animals
walking,
similar
stimulations
impose
transient
locomotor
arrest
followed
by
trajectory.
Third,
reveal
these
distinct
controlled
dedicated
subsets
each
projecting
specific
spinal
cord
segment,
with
at
least
(1)
lumbar-projecting
subset
whose
activation
specifically
controls
speed
but
neither
impacts
nor
evokes
movements,
(2)
cervical-projecting
orientation,
not
speed.
Activating
latter
suffices
steer
animals'
directional
heading,
placing
as
prime
driver
their
modular
organization
may
therefore
underlie
orchestration
during
multi-faceted
behaviors.
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
45(1), С. 63 - 85
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022
Locomotion
is
a
universal
motor
behavior
that
expressed
as
the
output
of
many
integrated
brain
functions.
organized
at
several
levels
nervous
system,
with
brainstem
circuits
acting
gate
between
areas
regulating
innate,
emotional,
or
motivational
locomotion
and
executive
spinal
circuits.
Here
we
review
recent
advances
on
involved
in
controlling
locomotion.
We
describe
how
delineated
command
govern
start,
speed,
stop,
steering
also
discuss
these
pathways
interface
cord
diverse
important
for
context-specific
selection
A
recurrent
theme
need
to
establish
functional
connectome
from
Finally,
point
unresolved
issues
concerning
function
locomotor
control.
Nature Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
27(4), С. 716 - 727
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024
Abstract
The
basal
ganglia
are
essential
for
executing
motor
actions.
How
the
engage
spinal
networks
has
remained
elusive.
Medullary
Chx10
gigantocellular
(Gi)
neurons
required
turning
gait
programs,
suggesting
that
gaits
organized
by
executed
via
this
descending
pathway.
Performing
deep
brainstem
recordings
of
Gi
Ca
2+
activity
in
adult
mice,
we
show
striatal
projection
initiate
a
dominant
crossed
pathway
to
on
contralateral
side.
Using
intersectional
viral
tracing
and
cell-type-specific
modulation,
uncover
principal
ganglia–spinal
cord
locomotor
asymmetries
mice:
→
pontine
reticular
nucleus,
oral
part
(PnO)
cord.
Modulating
restricted
PnO
restores
competence
upon
damage,
dysfunction
may
contribute
debilitating
deficits
observed
Parkinson’s
disease.
Our
results
reveal
stratified
circuit
architecture
underlying
critical
program.
Frontiers in Neural Circuits,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2018
The
pontomedullary
reticular
formation
is
a
key
site
responsible
for
integrating
descending
instructions
to
execute
particular
movements.
indiscrete
nature
of
this
region
has
led
not
only
some
inconsistencies
in
nomenclature,
but
also
difficulties
understanding
its
role
the
control
movement.
In
review,
we
first
discuss
nomenclature
formation,
and
then
examine
reticulospinal
motor
command
system
through
evolution.
These
neurons
have
direct
monosynaptic
connections
with
spinal
interneurons
motoneurons.
We
next
review
their
roles
postural
adjustments,
walking,
sleep
atonia,
discussing
movement
activation
or
inhibition.
propose
that
knowledge
internal
organization
necessary
understand
how
nervous
tunes
commands,
will
underlie
strategies
functional
recovery
following
neurological
injuries
diseases.
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
43(1), С. 417 - 439
Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2020
Escape
is
one
of
the
most
studied
animal
behaviors,
and
there
a
rich
normative
theory
that
links
threat
properties
to
evasive
actions
their
timing.
The
behavioral
principles
escape
are
evolutionarily
conserved
rely
on
elementary
computational
steps
such
as
classifying
sensory
stimuli
executing
appropriate
movements.
These
common
building
blocks
general
adaptive
behaviors.
Here
we
consider
challenges
required
for
behaviors
be
implemented,
discuss
possible
algorithmic
solutions,
review
some
underlying
neural
circuits
mechanisms.
We
outline
shared
can
implemented
by
ancient
systems
generate
behavior,
which
cortical
encephalization
has
been
added
allow
increased
sophistication
flexibility
in
responding
threat.
