The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 99(4), С. 1877 - 2013

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 23(6), С. 716 - 724

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2018

Accumulating evidence implicates metabolites produced by gut microbes as crucial mediators of diet-induced host-microbial cross-talk. Here, we review emerging data suggesting that microbial tryptophan catabolites resulting from proteolysis are influencing host health. These suggested to activate the immune system through binding aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), enhance intestinal epithelial barrier, stimulate gastrointestinal motility, well secretion hormones, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative or toxic effects in systemic circulation, and putatively modulate composition. Tryptophan thus affect various physiological processes may contribute homeostasis health disease.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome structure and metabolic activity in inflammatory bowel disease

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 4(2), С. 293 - 305

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights

Gut, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 71(5), С. 1020 - 1032

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022

The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to regulation host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types crosstalk with organs. Because development molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), complex interactions occurring between microorganisms progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, deviations linked many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel (IBDs) several cancer. Thus, that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid glucose metabolism affected. In this review, specific attention given provide a critical evaluation current understanding field. Numerous mechanisms explaining how bacteria might be causally protection or onset discussed. We examine well-established metabolites short-chain fatty acids, bile trimethylamine N-oxide) extend more recently identified actors endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products enterosynes) their receptors such peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gamma (PPARγ), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), G protein-coupled GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda 5). Altogether, complexity aspects linking health will help set basis for novel therapies already developed.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota and IBD: causation or correlation?

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 14(10), С. 573 - 584

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(4), С. 223 - 237

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Signals from the gut microbiota to distant organs in physiology and disease

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 22(10), С. 1079 - 1089

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Tryptophan metabolism as a common therapeutic target in cancer, neurodegeneration and beyond

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 18(5), С. 379 - 401

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Salt-responsive gut commensal modulates TH17 axis and disease

Nature, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 551(7682), С. 585 - 589

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2017

Язык: Английский

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