Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
117, С. 109138 - 109138
Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2019
Type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
is
a
common
clinical
chronic
disease,
while
its
pathogenesis
still
inconclusive.
Intestinal
flora,
the
largest
micro-ecological
system
in
human
body,
involved
in,
meanwhile
has
major
impact
on
body's
material
and
energy
metabolism.
Recent
studies
have
shown
that
addition
to
obesity,
genetics,
islet
dysfunction,
disturbance
of
intestinal
flora
may
partly
give
rise
diabetes.
In
this
paper,
we
summarized
current
research
correlation
between
T2DM
concluded
pathological
mechanisms
T2DM.
Moreover,
ideas
methods
prevention
treatment
based
were
proposed,
providing
theoretical
basis
literature
reference
for
complications
regulation
flora.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2020
Abstract
Variation
in
the
human
gut
microbiome
can
reflect
host
lifestyle
and
behaviors
influence
disease
biomarker
levels
blood.
Understanding
relationships
between
microbes
phenotypes
are
critical
for
understanding
wellness
disease.
Here,
we
examine
associations
microbiota
~150
phenotypic
features
across
~3,400
individuals.
We
identify
major
axes
of
taxonomic
variance
a
putative
diversity
maximum
along
Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes
axis.
Our
analyses
reveal
both
known
unknown
composition
clinical
markers
factors,
including
host-microbe
that
composition-specific.
These
results
suggest
potential
opportunities
targeted
interventions
alter
to
improve
health.
By
uncovering
interrelationships
diet
blood
markers,
at
population-scale,
our
serve
as
roadmap
future
studies
on
interactions
interventions.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2020
Advances
in
culture-independent
research
techniques
have
led
to
an
increased
understanding
of
the
gut
microbiota
and
role
it
plays
health
disease.
The
intestine
is
populated
by
a
complex
microbial
community
that
organized
around
network
metabolic
interdependencies.
It
now
understood
vital
for
normal
development
functioning
human
body,
especially
priming
maturation
adaptive
immune
system.
Antibiotic
use
can
several
negative
effects
on
microbiota,
including
reduced
species
diversity,
altered
activity,
selection
antibiotic-resistant
organisms,
which
turn
lead
antibiotic-associated
diarrhea
recurrent
Clostridioides
difficile
infections.
There
also
evidence
early
childhood
exposure
antibiotics
gastrointestinal,
immunologic,
neurocognitive
conditions.
increase
recent
years
suggests
these
problems
are
likely
become
more
acute
or
prevalent
future.
Continued
into
structure
function
required
address
this
challenge.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
17(20), С. 7618 - 7618
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2020
The
gut
microbiota
encompasses
a
diverse
community
of
bacteria
that
carry
out
various
functions
influencing
the
overall
health
host.
These
comprise
nutrient
metabolism,
immune
system
regulation
and
natural
defence
against
infection.
presence
certain
is
associated
with
inflammatory
molecules
may
bring
about
inflammation
in
body
tissues.
Inflammation
underlies
many
chronic
multisystem
conditions
including
obesity,
atherosclerosis,
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
bowel
disease.
be
triggered
by
structural
components
which
can
result
cascade
pathways
involving
interleukins
other
cytokines.
Similarly,
by-products
metabolic
processes
bacteria,
some
short-chain
fatty
acids,
play
role
inhibiting
processes.
In
this
review,
we
aimed
to
provide
an
overview
relationship
between
highlight
relevant
knowledge
gaps
field.
Based
on
current
literature,
it
appears
as
composition
differs
individuals
contingent
variety
factors
like
diet
genetics,
possess
pro-inflammatory
effects
whilst
others
harbour
those
anti-inflammatory
effects.
Recent
technological
advancements
have
allowed
for
better
methods
characterising
microbiota.
Further
research
continually
improve
our
understanding
interact
elucidate
reasons
behind
varying
presentations
same
disease
varied
responses
treatment
different
individuals.
Furthermore,
inform
clinical
practice
microbes
employed
probiotic
therapies
or
used
identify
suitable
prebiotic
therapies.
The
human
gut
microbiome
is
a
complex
ecosystem,
densely
colonised
by
thousands
of
microbial
species.
It
varies
among
individuals
and
depends
on
host
genotype
environmental
factors,
such
as
diet
antibiotics.
In
this
review,
we
focus
stability
resilience
essential
ecological
characteristics
the
its
relevance
for
health.
Microbial
diversity,
metabolic
flexibility,
functional
redundancy,
microbe–microbe
host–microbe
interactions
seem
to
be
critical
maintaining
resilience.
equilibrium
ecosystem
can
disrupted
perturbations,
antibiotic
therapy,
causing
significant
decreases
in
richness
diversity
well
impacting
As
consequence,
unbalanced
states
or
even
unhealthy
stable
develop,
potentially
leading
supporting
diseases.
Accordingly,
strategies
have
been
developed
manipulate
order
prevent
revert
caused
including
faecal
microbiota
transplantation,
supplementation
with
probiotics
non-digestible
carbohydrates,
more
extensive
dietary
modifications.
Nevertheless,
an
increasing
number
studies
has
evidenced
interindividual
variability
extent
direction
response
which
attributed
unique
each
individual’s
microbiome.
From
clinical,
translational
perspective,
ability
improve
prior
restore
afterwards,
would
offer
benefits.
To
effective,
therapeutic
approach
will
likely
need
personalised
subgroup-based
understanding
individual
genetics,
diet,
other
factors
that
might
involved.
Periodontology 2000,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
87(1), С. 107 - 131
Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2021
Abstract
States
of
oral
health
and
disease
reflect
the
compositional
functional
capacities
of,
as
well
interspecies
interactions
within,
microbiota.
The
cavity
exists
a
highly
dynamic
microbial
environment
that
harbors
many
distinct
substrata
microenvironments
house
diverse
communities.
Specific
to
cavity,
nonshedding
dental
surfaces
facilitate
development
complex
polymicrobial
biofilm
communities,
characterized
not
only
by
microbes
comprising
them,
but
cumulatively
their
activities.
Adding
this
complexity,
faces
near‐constant
environmental
challenges,
including
those
from
host
diet,
salivary
flow,
masticatory
forces,
introduction
exogenous
microbes.
composition
microbiome
is
shaped
throughout
life
factors
genetics,
maternal
transmission,
factors,
such
dietary
habits,
hygiene
practice,
medications,
systemic
factors.
This
ecosystem
presents
opportunities
for
dysbiosis
periodontal
diseases.
application
both
in
vitro
culture‐independent
approaches
has
broadened
mechanistic
understandings
communities
within
environmental,
local,
underpinnings
influence
dynamics
microbiome.
Here,
we
review
present
knowledge
current
understanding
influences
challenges
upon
system
encourage
homeostasis
or
provoke
perturbation,
thus
contribute
states
disease.
