Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 396(10250), С. 565 - 582

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2020

Clinicians can encounter sex and gender disparities in diagnostic therapeutic responses. These are noted epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, disease progression, response to treatment. This Review discusses the fundamental influences of as modifiers major causes death morbidity. We articulate how genetic, epigenetic, hormonal biological influence physiology disease, social constructs affect behaviour community, clinicians, patients health-care system interact with pathobiology. aim guide clinicians researchers consider their approach diagnosis, prevention, treatment diseases a necessary step towards precision medicine, which will benefit men's women's health.

Язык: Английский

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Social determinants of mental disorders and the Sustainable Development Goals: a systematic review of reviews

The Lancet Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 5(4), С. 357 - 369

Опубликована: Март 23, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes: sex differences in regulation of stress responsivity

Stress, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 20(5), С. 476 - 494

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2017

Gonadal hormones play a key role in the establishment, activation, and regulation of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. By influencing response sensitivity to releasing factors, neurotransmitters, hormones, gonadal steroids help orchestrate gain HPA axis fine-tune levels stress general circulation. From early life adulthood, can differentially affect axis, resulting sex differences responsivity this The influences many physiological functions making an organism's changes environment appropriate for its reproductive status. Although acute stressors is beneficial response, constant activation circuitry by chronic or traumatic stressful episodes may lead dysregulation cause pathology. Compared males, female mice rats show more robust as result circulating estradiol which elevate hormone during non-threatening situations, after stressors. Fluctuating females across estrous cycle are major factor contributing robustness activity compared males. Moreover, also contribute epigenetic organizational on even before puberty. Correspondingly, crosstalk between hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axes could abnormalities responses. In humans, dysregulated one most common symptoms seen neuropsychiatric disorders, result, such interactions exacerbate peripheral pathologies. review, we discuss HPG review how interact with regulate all stages life.

Язык: Английский

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Sex differences, gender and addiction

Journal of Neuroscience Research, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 95(1-2), С. 136 - 147

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2016

This review discusses alcohol and other forms of drug addiction as both a sociocultural biological phenomenon. Sex differences gender are not solely determined by biology, nor they entirely sociocultural. The interactions among biological, environmental, sociocultural, developmental influences result in phenotypes that may be more masculine or feminine. These gender‐related sex the brain can influence responses to drugs abuse, progressive changes after exposure abuse whether results from drug‐taking experiences. In addition, basic laboratory evidence for is discussed within context four types sex/gender differences. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Язык: Английский

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Ten Surprising Facts About Stressful Life Events and Disease Risk

Annual Review of Psychology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 70(1), С. 577 - 597

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2018

After over 70 years of research on the association between stressful life events and health, it is generally accepted that we have a good understanding role stressors in disease risk. In this review, highlight knowledge but also emphasize misunderstandings weaknesses literature with hope triggering further theoretical empirical development. We organize review somewhat provocative manner, each section focusing an important issue where feel there has been some misunderstanding evidence its implications. Issues address include definition event, characteristics diseases are impacted by events, differences effects chronic acute cumulative across course, for men women, resilience to methodological challenges literature.

Язык: Английский

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Sex differences in neural mechanisms mediating reward and addiction

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 44(1), С. 166 - 183

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Sex differences in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis’ response to stress: an important role for gonadal hormones

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 44(1), С. 45 - 58

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Sex Differences in Vulnerability and Resilience to Stress Across the Life Span

Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 86(6), С. 421 - 432

Опубликована: Май 7, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Depression's Unholy Trinity: Dysregulated Stress, Immunity, and the Microbiome

Annual Review of Psychology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 71(1), С. 49 - 78

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2019

Depression remains one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, with many patients not responding adequately to available treatments. Chronic or early-life stress is key risk factors for depression. In addition, a growing body data implicates chronic inflammation as major player in depression pathogenesis. More recently, gut microbiota has emerged an important regulator brain and behavior also been linked However, how this holy trinity interact maintain physiological homeostasis fully understood. review, we integrate from animal human studies on these three etiology progression We focus processes by which microbiota-immune-stress matrix may influence centrally mediated events possible therapeutic interventions correct imbalances triune.

Язык: Английский

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Neurobiology of Resilience: Interface Between Mind and Body

Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 86(6), С. 410 - 420

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2019

Язык: Английский

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