The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 92, С. 104 - 127

Опубликована: Май 16, 2018

The cingulum bundle is a prominent white matter tract that interconnects frontal, parietal, and medial temporal sites, while also linking subcortical nuclei to the cingulate gyrus. Despite its apparent continuity, cingulum's composition continually changes as fibres join leave bundle. To help understand complex structure, this review begins with detailed, comparative descriptions of multiple connections comprising Next, impact damage in rats, monkeys, humans analysed. causing extensive anatomical disconnections, lesions typically produce only mild deficits, highlighting importance parallel pathways distributed nature various functions. Meanwhile, non-invasive imaging implicates executive control, emotion, pain (dorsal cingulum), episodic memory (parahippocampal clinical studies reveal abnormalities numerous conditions, including schizophrenia, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive autism spectrum Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's disease. Understanding seemingly diverse contributions will require better ways isolating within highly tract.

Язык: Английский

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Myelin in the Central Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Pathology

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 99(3), С. 1381 - 1431

Опубликована: Май 8, 2019

Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons the central nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory conduction was considered only purpose myelin, but it is now clear that has more functions. In fact, myelinating oligodendrocytes are embedded in a vast network interconnected glial neuronal cells, increasing evidence supports an active role within this assembly, for example, by providing metabolic support neurons, regulating ion water homeostasis, adapting activity-dependent signals. The molecular complexity governing these interactions requires in-depth understanding how interact they generate, maintain, remodel their sheaths. This review deals with biology expanded relationship its underlying neighboring disturbances various diseases such as sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Furthermore, we will highlight specific between astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia contribute demyelination hereditary white matter pathologies.

Язык: Английский

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Myelin remodeling through experience-dependent oligodendrogenesis in the adult somatosensory cortex

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 21(5), С. 696 - 706

Опубликована: Март 19, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Glial Cells and Their Function in the Adult Brain: A Journey through the History of Their Ablation

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 11

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2017

Glial cells, consisting of microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocyte lineage cells as their major components, constitute a large fraction the mammalian brain. Originally considered purely non-functional glue for neurons, decades research have highlighted importance well further functions glial cells. Although many aspects these are characterized nowadays, different populations in brain under both physiological pathological conditions remain, at least to certain extent, unresolved. To tackle important questions, broad range depletion approaches been developed which or (i.e. NG2-glia oligodendrocytes) specifically ablated from adult network with subsequent analysis consequences. As very heterogeneous, it is imperative ablate single cell instead inducing death all general. Thanks modern genetic manipulation methods, can now directly be targeted type interest making ablation more specific compared general that used earlier on. In this review we will give detailed summary on studies, focusing mouse central nervous system (CNS) functional readouts. We also provide an outlook how could exploited future.

Язык: Английский

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White Matter Plasticity in the Adult Brain

Neuron, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 96(6), С. 1239 - 1251

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2017

The study of brain plasticity has tended to focus on the synapse, where well-described activity-dependent mechanisms are known play a key role in learning and memory. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that occurs beyond synapse. This review focuses emerging concept white matter plasticity. For example, there growing evidence, both from animal studies human neuroimaging, regulation myelin may learning. previously overlooked phenomenon provide complementary but powerful route through which experience shapes brain.

Язык: Английский

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Disruption of Oligodendrogenesis Impairs Memory Consolidation in Adult Mice

Neuron, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 105(1), С. 150 - 164.e6

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Become Regionally Diverse and Heterogeneous with Age

Neuron, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 101(3), С. 459 - 471.e5

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2019

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes during CNS development, are the main proliferative in adult brain. OPCs conventionally considered a homogeneous population, particularly with respect to their electrophysiological properties, but this has been debated. We show, by using single-cell recordings, that start out as population become functionally heterogeneous, varying both within and between brain regions age. These changes correlate differentiation potential of OPCs; thus, they may underlie differentiational differences and, likewise, failure

Язык: Английский

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Preservation of a remote fear memory requires new myelin formation

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 23(4), С. 487 - 499

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Pharmacogenetic stimulation of neuronal activity increases myelination in an axon-specific manner

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2018

Mounting evidence suggests that neuronal activity influences myelination, potentially allowing for experience-driven modulation of neural circuitry. The degree to which is capable regulating myelination at the individual axon level unclear. Here we demonstrate stimulation somatosensory axons in mouse brain increases proliferation and differentiation oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) within underlying white matter. Stimulated display an increased probability being myelinated compared neighboring non-stimulated axons, addition ensheathed with thicker myelin. Conversely, attenuating firing reduces axonal a selective activity-dependent manner. Our findings reveal process selecting strongly influenced by relative population. These observed cellular changes are consistent emerging concept adaptive key mechanism fine-tuning circuitry mammalian CNS.

Язык: Английский

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Oligodendroglia: metabolic supporters of neurons

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 127(9), С. 3271 - 3280

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2017

Oligodendrocytes are glial cells that populate the entire CNS after they have differentiated from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. From birth onward, oligodendrocytes initiate wrapping of neuronal axons with a multilamellar lipid structure called myelin. Apart their well-established function in action potential propagation, more recent data indicate essential for providing metabolic support to neurons. transfer energy metabolites neurons through cytoplasmic "myelinic" channels and monocarboxylate transporters, which allow fast delivery short-carbon-chain like pyruvate lactate These substrates metabolized contribute ATP synthesis This Review will discuss our current understanding this supportive its impact human neurodegenerative disease related animal models.

Язык: Английский

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