Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
123(1), С. 31 - 72
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022
The
human
microbiome
is
composed
of
a
collection
dynamic
microbial
communities
that
inhabit
various
anatomical
locations
in
the
body.
Accordingly,
coevolution
with
host
has
resulted
these
playing
profound
role
promoting
health.
Consequently,
perturbations
can
cause
or
exacerbate
several
diseases.
In
this
Review,
we
present
our
current
understanding
relationship
between
health
and
disease
development,
focusing
on
microbiomes
found
across
digestive,
respiratory,
urinary,
reproductive
systems
as
well
skin.
We
further
discuss
strategies
by
which
composition
function
be
modulated
to
exert
therapeutic
effect
host.
Finally,
examine
technologies
such
multiomics
approaches
cellular
reprogramming
microbes
enable
significant
advancements
research
engineering.
The
human
gut
microbiome
is
a
critical
component
of
digestion,
breaking
down
complex
carbohydrates,
proteins,
and
to
lesser
extent
fats
that
reach
the
lower
gastrointestinal
tract.
This
process
results
in
multitude
microbial
metabolites
can
act
both
locally
systemically
(after
being
absorbed
into
bloodstream).
impact
these
biochemicals
on
health
complex,
as
potentially
beneficial
toxic
be
yielded
from
such
pathways,
some
cases,
effects
are
dependent
upon
metabolite
concentration
or
organ
locality.
aim
this
review
summarize
our
current
knowledge
how
macronutrient
metabolism
by
influences
health.
Metabolites
discussed
include
short-chain
fatty
acids
alcohols
(mainly
monosaccharides);
ammonia,
branched-chain
acids,
amines,
sulfur
compounds,
phenols,
indoles
(derived
amino
acids);
glycerol
choline
derivatives
(obtained
breakdown
lipids);
tertiary
cycling
carbon
dioxide
hydrogen.
Key
taxa
related
disease
states
will
referred
each
case,
gaps
could
contribute
understanding
overall
wellness
identified.
Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
11(12), С. 2862 - 2862
Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2019
The
human
gut
is
inhabited
by
trillions
of
microorganisms
composing
a
dynamic
ecosystem
implicated
in
health
and
disease.
composition
the
microbiota
unique
to
each
individual
tends
remain
relatively
stable
throughout
life,
yet
daily
transient
fluctuations
are
observed.
Diet
key
modifiable
factor
influencing
microbiota,
indicating
potential
for
therapeutic
dietary
strategies
manipulate
microbial
diversity,
composition,
stability.
While
diet
can
induce
shift
these
changes
appear
be
temporary.
Whether
prolonged
permanent
alterations
unknown,
mainly
due
lack
long-term
interventions,
or
follow-ups
short-term
interventions.
It
possible
that
habitual
diets
have
greater
influence
on
than
acute
strategies.
This
review
presents
current
knowledge
around
response
interventions
identifies
major
factors
contribute
diet.
Overall,
further
research
include
microbiome
measures
required
before
clinical
recommendations
made
modulation
health.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2021
Hosting
millions
of
microorganisms,
the
digestive
tract
is
primary
and
most
important
part
bacterial
colonization.
On
one
side,
in
cases
opportunistic
invasion,
abundant
population
inside
intestinal
tissues
may
face
potential
health
problems
such
as
inflammation
infections.
Therefore,
immune
system
has
evolved
to
sustain
host–microbiota
symbiotic
relationship.
other
hand,
maintain
host
homeostasis,
microflora
often
exerts
an
immunoregulatory
function
that
cannot
be
ignored.
A
field
great
interest
association
either
microbiota
or
probiotics
with
concerning
clinical
uses.
This
microbial
community
regulates
some
host’s
metabolic
physiological
functions
drives
early-life
maturation,
contributing
their
homeostasis
throughout
life.
Changes
gut
can
occur
through
modification
function,
composition
(dysbiosis),
microbiota–host
interplays.
Studies
on
animals
humans
show
have
a
pivotal
effect
modulation
inflammatory
mechanisms;
however,
precise
mechanisms
not
yet
been
well
defined.
Diet,
age,
BMI
(body
mass
index),
medications,
stress
confound
benefits
probiotic
intake.
In
addition
(permeability
physiology),
all
these
agents
profound
implications
for
microbiome
composition.
The
use
could
improve
population,
increase
mucus-secretion,
prevent
destruction
tight
junction
proteins
by
decreasing
number
lipopolysaccharides
(LPSs).
When
LPS
binds
endothelial
cells
toll-like
receptors
(TLR
2,
4),
dendritic
macrophage
are
activated,
markers
increased.
Furthermore,
decrease
dysbiosis
leakage
after
therapy
minimize
development
biomarkers
blunt
unnecessary
activation
system.
turn,
differentiation
T-cells
against
Th2
cytokines
IL-4
IL-10.
present
narrative
review
explores
interactions
between
microflora/probiotics
starting
from
general
perspective
biological
plausibility
get
vitro
vivo
demonstrations
probiotic-based
approach
up
possible
uses
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
17(20), С. 7618 - 7618
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2020
The
gut
microbiota
encompasses
a
diverse
community
of
bacteria
that
carry
out
various
functions
influencing
the
overall
health
host.
These
comprise
nutrient
metabolism,
immune
system
regulation
and
natural
defence
against
infection.
presence
certain
is
associated
with
inflammatory
molecules
may
bring
about
inflammation
in
body
tissues.
Inflammation
underlies
many
chronic
multisystem
conditions
including
obesity,
atherosclerosis,
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
bowel
disease.
be
triggered
by
structural
components
which
can
result
cascade
pathways
involving
interleukins
other
cytokines.
Similarly,
by-products
metabolic
processes
bacteria,
some
short-chain
fatty
acids,
play
role
inhibiting
processes.
In
this
review,
we
aimed
to
provide
an
overview
relationship
between
highlight
relevant
knowledge
gaps
field.
Based
on
current
literature,
it
appears
as
composition
differs
individuals
contingent
variety
factors
like
diet
genetics,
possess
pro-inflammatory
effects
whilst
others
harbour
those
anti-inflammatory
effects.
Recent
technological
advancements
have
allowed
for
better
methods
characterising
microbiota.
Further
research
continually
improve
our
understanding
interact
elucidate
reasons
behind
varying
presentations
same
disease
varied
responses
treatment
different
individuals.
Furthermore,
inform
clinical
practice
microbes
employed
probiotic
therapies
or
used
identify
suitable
prebiotic
therapies.
Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
11(11), С. 2690 - 2690
Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2019
Nowadays,
obesity
is
one
of
the
most
prevalent
human
health
problems.
Research
from
last
30
years
has
clarified
role
imbalance
between
energy
intake
and
expenditure,
unhealthy
lifestyle,
genetic
variability
in
development
obesity.
More
recently,
composition
metabolic
functions
gut
microbiota
have
been
proposed
as
being
able
to
affect
development.
Here,
we
will
report
current
knowledge
on
definition,
composition,
intestinal
microbiota.
We
performed
an
extensive
review
literature,
searching
for
following
keywords:
metabolism,
microbiota,
dysbiosis,
There
evidence
association
bacteria
both
infancy
adults.
are
several
genetic,
metabolic,
inflammatory
pathophysiological
mechanisms
involved
interplay
microbes
Microbial
changes
can
be
considered
a
factor
humans.
The
modulation
bacterial
strains
digestive
tract
help
reshape
profile
obese
host
suggested
by
data
animal
studies.
Thus,
deep
revision
pertaining
use
probiotics,
prebiotics,
antibiotics
patients
conceivable
