Candida albicanspathogenicity mechanisms

Virulence, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 4(2), С. 119 - 128

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2013

The polymorphic fungus Candida albicans is a member of the normal human microbiome. In most individuals, C. resides as lifelong, harmless commensal. Under certain circumstances, however, can cause infections that range from superficial skin to life-threatening systemic infections. Several factors and activities have been identified which contribute pathogenic potential this fungus. Among them are molecules mediate adhesion invasion into host cells, secretion hydrolases, yeast-to-hypha transition, contact sensing thigmotropism, biofilm formation, phenotypic switching fitness attributes. Our understanding when how these mechanisms infection has significantly increased during last years. addition, novel virulence recently discovered. review we present an update on our current pathogenicity important pathogen.

Язык: Английский

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The Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Roles of Zinc Transporters in Zinc Homeostasis and Metabolism

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 95(3), С. 749 - 784

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2015

Zinc is involved in a variety of biological processes, as structural, catalytic, and intracellular intercellular signaling component. Thus zinc homeostasis tightly controlled at the whole body, tissue, cellular, subcellular levels by number proteins, with transporters being particularly important. In metazoan, two transporter families, Zn (ZnT) Zrt-, Irt-related proteins (ZIP) function mobilization influx, efflux, compartmentalization/sequestration across membranes. During last decades, significant progress has been made understanding molecular properties, expression, regulation, cellular physiological roles ZnT ZIP transporters, which underpin multifarious functions zinc. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that malfunctioning due to dysfunction results onset progression diseases. This review summarizes current our each from perspective physiology pathogenesis, discussing challenging issues their structure transport mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis in 2019

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 33(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2019

Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprotrophic fungus; its primary habitat the soil. In ecological niche, fungus has learned how to adapt and proliferate in hostile environments. This capacity helped resist survive against human host defenses and, further, be responsible for one of most devastating lung infections terms morbidity mortality.

Язык: Английский

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Macrophage defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria

Immunological Reviews, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 264(1), С. 182 - 203

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2015

Summary Macrophages and neutrophils play a decisive role in host responses to intracellular bacteria including the agent of tuberculosis ( TB ), M ycobacterium as they represent forefront innate immune defense against bacterial invaders. At same time, these phagocytes are also primary targets be abused cells. Their efficacy contain eliminate . decides whether patient initially becomes infected or not. However, when infection chronic even latent (as case ) despite development specific activation, have important effector functions. evolved myriad strategies combat with such These include induction toxic anti‐microbial effectors nitric oxide reactive oxygen intermediates, stimulation microbe intoxication mechanisms via acidification metal accumulation phagolysosome, restriction microbe's access essential nutrients iron, fatty acids, amino production peptides cytokines, along autophagy efferocytosis pathogen. On other hand, , prime example well‐adapted facultative bacterium, has learned during evolution counter‐balance host's secure survival multiplication within this otherwise hostile environment. This review provides an overview macrophages directed focus on Gaining more insights knowledge into complex network host‐pathogen interaction will identify novel target sites intervention successfully clear at time rapidly emerging multi‐resistance conventional antibiotics.

Язык: Английский

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The Short Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Imprints an Antimicrobial Program in Macrophages

Immunity, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 50(2), С. 432 - 445.e7

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Iron homeostasis and oxidative stress: An intimate relationship

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 1866(12), С. 118535 - 118535

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Metal homeostasis and resistance in bacteria

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 15(6), С. 338 - 350

Опубликована: Март 27, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Manganese Increases the Sensitivity of the cGAS-STING Pathway for Double-Stranded DNA and Is Required for the Host Defense against DNA Viruses

Immunity, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 48(4), С. 675 - 687.e7

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Resolution of Inflammation: What Controls Its Onset?

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2016

An effective resolution program may be able to prevent the progression from non-resolving acute inflammation persistent chronic inflammation. It has now become evident that coordinated programs initiate shortly after inflammatory responses begin. In this context, several mechanisms provide fine-tuning of and create a favorable environment for phase take place homeostasis return. review, we focus on events required an transition proinflammatory onset establishment resolution. We suggest mediators promote can simultaneously active Indeed, enact decrease in local chemokine concentration, reduction which is essential inhibit further infiltration neutrophils into tissue. Interestingly, although are cells characteristically participate inflammation, they also contribute Further understanding molecular instrumental develop pro-resolution strategies treat complex diseases humans. The efforts based have shaped new area pharmacology referred as 'resolution pharmacology'.

Язык: Английский

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Iron metabolism and iron disorders revisited in the hepcidin era

Haematologica, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 105(2), С. 260 - 272

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2020

Iron is biologically essential, but also potentially toxic; as such it tightly controlled at cell and systemic levels to prevent both deficiency overload. regulatory proteins post-transcriptionally control genes encoding that modulate iron uptake, recycling storage are themselves regulated by iron. The master regulator of homeostasis the liver peptide hepcidin, which controls serum through degradation ferroportin in iron-absorptive enterocytes iron-recycling macrophages. This review emphasizes most recent findings biology, deregulation hepcidin-ferroportin axis disorders how research results have an impact on clinical disorders. Insufficient hepcidin production central overload while excess leads restriction. Mutations hemochro-matosis result downregulating BMP-SMAD signaling pathway or causing hepcidin-resistance. In iron-loading anemias, β-thalassemia, enhanced albeit ineffective ery-thropoiesis releases erythroferrone, sequesters BMP receptor ligands, thereby inhibiting hepcidin. iron-refractory, iron-deficiency ane-mia mutations inhibitor TMPRSS6 upregulate pathway. Interleukin-6 acute chronic inflammation increases levels, iron-restricted erythropoiesis presence iron-replete Our improved understanding its regulation having established schedules oral treatment choice versus intravenous management deficiency. Moreover leading development targeted therapies for inflammation, mainly centered manipulation axis.

Язык: Английский

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