Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2023

Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells has a genetic potential that exceeds of genome, plays crucial role this interplay. microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is bidirectional signalling pathway operates through neural, endocrine, immune, metabolic pathways. One major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress HPA produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol corticosterone rodents. Appropriate concentrations are essential for normal neurodevelopment function, well cognitive processes learning memory, studies have shown microbes modulate throughout life. Stress can significantly impact MGB via other Animal research advanced our understanding these mechanisms pathways, leading paradigm shift conceptual thinking about influence microbiota health disease. Preclinical trials currently underway determine how animal models translate humans. In review article, we summarize current knowledge relationship axis, cognition, provide an overview main findings conclusions broad field.

Язык: Английский

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The interplay between diet and the gut microbiome: implications for health and disease

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(11), С. 671 - 686

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Irritable bowel syndrome and mental health comorbidity — approach to multidisciplinary management

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(9), С. 582 - 596

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Positive Health Outcomes Associated with Live Microbe Intake from Foods, Including Fermented Foods, Assessed using the NHANES Database

Journal of Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 153(4), С. 1143 - 1149

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2023

Live dietary microbes have been hypothesized to contribute human health but direct evidence is lacking. This study aimed determine whether the consumption of live linked improved outcomes. Data from NHANES 2001–2018 were used assess microbial intake and their adjusted associations with selected physiological parameters (e.g., blood pressure, anthropometric measures, biomarkers) among adults aged 19 y older. Regression models constructed each parameter for demographics other covariates. Microbial was assessed as both a continuous variable 3-level categorical variable. Fermented foods in separate model. In models, an additional 100-g microbe–containing associated lower systolic pressure (regression coefficient: −0.331; 95% CI: −0.447, −0.215 mm Hg), C-reactive protein (−0.013; −0.019, −0.008 mg/dL), plasma glucose −0.347; −0.570, −0.124 insulin (−0.201; −0.304, −0.099 μU/mL), triglyceride (−1.389; −2.672, −0.106 waist circumference (−0.554; −0.679, −0.428 cm), BMI −0.217; −0.273, −0.160 kg/m2) levels higher level high density lipoprotein cholesterols (0.432; 0.289, 0.574 mg/dL). Patterns broadly similar when categorically fermented separately. To our knowledge, this first quantify, nationally representative data set American using stable sets covariates regression intakes variety outcomes, such biomarkers, levels. Our findings suggest that concentrations are modest improvements across range

Язык: Английский

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Understanding the Connection between Gut Homeostasis and Psychological Stress

Journal of Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 153(4), С. 924 - 939

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The impact of acute and chronic stress on gastrointestinal physiology and function: a microbiota–gut–brain axis perspective

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 601(20), С. 4491 - 4538

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2023

The physiological consequences of stress often manifest in the gastrointestinal tract. Traumatic or chronic is associated with widespread maladaptive changes throughout gut, although comparatively little known about effects acute stress. Furthermore, these stress-induced gut may increase susceptibility to disorders and infection, impact critical features neural behavioural response by impairing gut-brain axis communication. Understanding mechanisms behind enteric nervous system circuitry, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, permeability, microbiota following an important research objective pathophysiological implications both neurogastroenterology psychiatry. Moreover, has emerged as a key aspect physiology sensitive In this review, we focus on different aspects tract including function well immune, humoral neuronal elements involved discuss evidence for role disorders. Existing gaps current literature are highlighted, possible avenues future integrated perspective have been suggested. A more complete understanding spatial temporal dynamics host microbial kinds stressors will enable full exploitation diagnostic therapeutic potential fast-evolving field host-microbiome interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Feeding gut microbes to nourish the brain: unravelling the diet–microbiota–gut–brain axis

Nature Metabolism, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(8), С. 1454 - 1478

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Fermented foods, their microbiome and its potential in boosting human health

Microbial Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Fermented foods (FFs) are part of the cultural heritage several populations, and their production dates back 8000 years. Over last ~150 years, microbial consortia many most widespread FFs have been characterised, leading in some instances to standardisation production. Nevertheless, limited knowledge exists about communities local traditional possible effects on human health. Recent findings suggest they might be a valuable source novel probiotic strains, enriched nutrients highly sustainable for environment. Despite increasing number observational studies randomised controlled trials, it still remains unclear whether how regular FF consumption is linked with health outcomes enrichment gut microbiome health-associated species. This review aims sum up associated microbiomes, outlining role fermentation respect boosting nutritional profiles attempting establish link between health-beneficial outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Neurobiology and systems biology of stress resilience

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 104(3), С. 1205 - 1263

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

Stress resilience is the phenomenon that some people maintain their mental health despite exposure to adversity or show only temporary impairments followed by quick recovery. Resilience research attempts unravel factors and mechanisms make possible harness its insights for development of preventative interventions in individuals at risk acquiring stress-related dysfunctions. Biological has been lagging behind psychological social sciences but seen a massive surge recent years. At same time, progress this field hampered methodological challenges related finding suitable operationalizations study designs, replicating findings, modeling animals. We embed review behavioral, neuroimaging, neurobiological, systems biological findings adults critical methods discussion. find preliminary evidence hippocampus-based pattern separation prefrontal-based cognitive control functions protect against pathological fears aftermath singular, event-type stressors [as found fear-related disorders, including simpler forms posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] facilitating perception safety. Reward system-based pursuit savoring positive reinforcers appear more generalized dysfunctions anxious-depressive spectrum resulting from severe longer-lasting (as depression, comorbid anxiety, PTSD). Links between preserved functioning these neural under neuroplasticity, immunoregulation, gut microbiome composition, integrity barrier blood-brain are beginning emerge. On basis, avenues pointed out.

Язык: Английский

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Fermented foods: Harnessing their potential to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis for mental health

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 158, С. 105562 - 105562

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

Over the past two decades, whole food supplementation strategies have been leveraged to target mental health. In addition, there has increasing attention on ability of gut microbes, so called psychobiotics, positively impact behaviour though microbiota-gut-brain axis. Fermented foods offer themselves as a combined microbiota modulating intervention. Indeed, they contain potentially beneficial microbial metabolites and other bioactives, which are being harnessed axis for positive benefits. This review highlights diverse nature fermented in terms raw materials used type fermentation employed, summarises their potential shape composition microbiota, brain communication pathways including immune system and, ultimately, modulate Throughout, we identify knowledge gaps challenges faced designing human studies investigating health-promoting individual or components thereof. Importantly, also suggest solutions that can advance understanding therapeutic merit

Язык: Английский

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