Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
120(50)
Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2023
The
gut
microbiota
plays
a
role
in
many
human
diseases,
but
high-throughput
sequence
analysis
does
not
provide
straightforward
path
for
defining
healthy
microbial
communities.
Therefore,
understanding
mechanisms
that
drive
compositional
changes
during
disease
(gut
dysbiosis)
continues
to
be
central
goal
microbiome
research.
Insights
from
the
pathogenesis
field
show
an
ecological
cause
dysbiosis
is
increased
availability
of
host-derived
respiratory
electron
acceptors,
which
are
dominant
drivers
community
composition.
Similar
host
environment
also
several
chronic
illnesses,
and
better
underlying
informs
approaches
causatively
link
exacerbation
symptoms.
emerging
picture
suggests
homeostasis
maintained
by
functions
control
resources
governing
growth.
Defining
as
weakening
these
directs
attention
identifies
potential
targets
therapeutic
intervention.
International Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(5), С. 211 - 222
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2024
Abstract
The
epithelial
barrier
theory
links
the
recent
rise
in
chronic
non-communicable
diseases,
notably
autoimmune
and
allergic
disorders,
to
environmental
agents
disrupting
barrier.
Global
pollution
toxic
agent
exposure
have
worsened
over
six
decades
because
of
uncontrolled
growth,
modernization,
industrialization,
affecting
human
health.
Introducing
new
chemicals
without
any
reasonable
control
their
health
effects
through
these
years
has
led
documented
adverse
effects,
especially
on
skin
mucosal
barriers.
These
substances,
such
as
particulate
matter,
detergents,
surfactants,
food
emulsifiers,
micro-
nano-plastics,
diesel
exhaust,
cigarette
smoke,
ozone,
been
shown
compromise
integrity.
This
disruption
is
linked
opening
tight-junction
barriers,
inflammation,
cell
death,
oxidative
stress,
metabolic
regulation.
Consideration
must
be
given
interplay
underlying
inflammatory
medications,
affected
tissues.
review
article
discusses
detrimental
effect
barrier-damaging
compounds
involves
cellular
molecular
mechanisms.
Microorganisms,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
10(12), С. 2517 - 2517
Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2022
Horses
are
large
non-ruminant
herbivores
and
rely
on
microbial
fermentation
for
energy,
with
more
than
half
of
their
maintenance
energy
requirement
coming
from
occurring
in
enlarged
caecum
colon.
To
achieve
that,
the
gastro-intestinal
tract
(GIT)
horses
harbors
a
broad
range
various
microorganisms,
differing
each
GIT
segment,
which
essential
efficient
utilization
feed,
especially
to
use
nutrients
that
not
or
little
degraded
by
endogenous
enzymes.
In
addition,
like
other
animal
species,
microbiota
is
permanent
interplay
host's
cells
involved
lot
functions
among
inflammation,
immune
homeostasis,
metabolism.
As
animals
humans,
horse
gut
microbiome
sensitive
diet,
consumption
starch,
fiber,
fat.
Age,
breeds,
stress
during
competitions,
transportation,
exercise
may
also
impact
microbiome.
Because
its
size
complexity,
equine
prone
perturbations
caused
external
internal
stressors
result
digestive
diseases
gastric
ulcer,
diarrhea,
colic,
colitis,
thought
be
linked
systemic
laminitis,
metabolic
syndrome
obesity.
Thus,
this
review
we
aim
at
understanding
common
core
-in
terms
structure
function-
segment
GIT,
as
well
identifying
potential
biomarkers
health
disease
crucial
anticipate
putative
perturbations,
optimize
global
practices
develop
adapted
nutritional
strategies
personalized
nutrition.
Journal of Virology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
96(22)
Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2022
Human
norovirus
(HNoV)
accounts
for
one-fifth
of
all
acute
viral
gastroenteritis
worldwide
and
an
economic
burden
~$60
billion
globally.
The
lack
treatment
options
against
HNoV
is
in
part
due
to
the
cultivation
systems.
Recently,
a
model
infection
biopsy-derived
human
intestinal
enteroids
(HIE)
has
been
described:
3D-HIE
are
first
dispersed
2D-monolayers
differentiated
prior
infection,
resulting
labor-intensive,
time-consuming
procedure.
Here,
we
present
alternative
protocol
3D-HIE.
We
found
that
as
efficiently
2D-monolayers.
In
addition,
immunofluorescence-based
quantification
UEA-1,
lectin
stains
villus
brush
border,
revealed
~80%
spontaneously
undergo
polarity
inversion,
allowing
without
need
microinjection.
Infection
with
GII.4-positive
stool
samples
attained
fold-increase
over
inoculum
~2
Log10
at
2
days
postinfection
or
up
3.5
when
ruxolitinib,
JAK1/2-inhibitor,
was
added.
Treatment
GII.4-infected
polymerase
inhibitor
2'-C-Methylcytidine
(2CMC)
other
antivirals
showed
reduction
suggesting
excellent
platform
test
anti-infectives.
transcriptional
host
response
then
investigated
by
RNA
sequencing
infected
versus
uninfected
presence
ruxolitinib
focus
on
virus-associated
signatures
while
limiting
interferon-stimulated
gene
signatures.
analysis
upregulated
hormone
neurotransmitter
signal
transduction
pathways
downregulated
glycolysis
hypoxia-response
upon
infection.
Overall,
have
proven
be
highly
robust
study
screen
antivirals,
investigate
IMPORTANCE
clinical
socio-economic
impact
calls
immediate
action
development
Physiologically
relevant
vitro
models
hence
needed
biology,
tropism,
mechanisms
viral-associated
disease,
also
identify
antiviral
agents.
Biopsy-derived
biomimetic
epithelium
were
recently
described
supports
However,
established
labor-intensive.
Therefore,
sought
develop
simplified
3D
undergoes
differentiation
spontaneous
inversion.
Advantages
this
shorter
experimental
time,
better
yield,
spatial
integrity
epithelium.
This
potentially
suitable
pathogens
infect
cells
from
apical
surface
but
unraveling
interactions
between
indigenous
bacteria
microbiome.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(6), С. 497 - 497
Опубликована: Март 13, 2024
Multiple
Sclerosis
(MS)
is
a
chronic
autoimmune
inflammatory
disease
of
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
that
leads
to
physical
and
cognitive
impairment
in
young
adults.
The
increasing
prevalence
MS
underscores
critical
need
for
innovative
therapeutic
approaches.
Recent
advances
neuroimmunology
have
highlighted
significant
role
gut
microbiome
pathology,
unveiling
distinct
alterations
patients’
microbiota.
Dysbiosis
not
only
impacts
gut-intrinsic
processes
but
also
influences
production
bacterial
metabolites
hormones,
which
can
regulate
remote
tissues,
such
as
CNS.
Central
this
paradigm
gut–brain
axis,
bidirectional
communication
network
linking
gastrointestinal
tract
brain
spinal
cord.
Via
specific
routes,
hormones
influence
CNS-resident
cells
both
directly
indirectly.
Exploiting
novel
interventions,
including
pro-
prebiotic
treatments,
emerged
promising
avenues
with
aim
mitigating
severity
MS.
This
review
delves
into
complex
interplay
between
context
MS,
summarizing
current
knowledge
on
key
signals
cross-organ
crosstalk,
routes
communication,
potential
relevance
microbiome.
Moreover,
places
particular
emphasis
elucidating
these
interactions
astrocyte
functions
within
CNS,
offering
insights
their
pathophysiology
interventions.
