Theranostics,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(5), С. 2205 - 2231
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
the
most
common
form
of
dementia
in
elderly,
causing
neuronal
degeneration
and
cognitive
deficits
that
significantly
impair
independence
quality
life
for
those
affected
their
families.Though
AD
a
major
neurodegenerative
with
vast
avenues
investigation,
there
no
effective
treatment
to
cure
or
slow
progression.The
present
work
evaluated
therapeutic
effect
long-term
photobiomodulation
(PBM)
continuous-wave
low-level
laser
on
its
underlying
mechanism.Methods:
PBM
was
implemented
2
min,
3
times
per
week
16
months
2-month-old
transgenic
rats.A
battery
behavioral
tests
performed
measure
dysfunction
rats.The
effects
therapy
typical
pathologies,
including
amyloid
plaques,
intracellular
neurofibrillary
tangles,
loss,
injury,
apoptosis,
neurodegeneration,
were
then
assessed.The
mechanisms
measured
using
immunofluorescence
staining,
western
blotting
analysis,
mass
spectrometry,
primary
cortical
hippocampal
cell
cultures,
related
assay
kits.Results:
improved
pathologies
memory
tau
hyperphosphorylation,
degeneration,
spine
damage,
synaptic
loss.PBM
had
several
mechanistic
which
may
explain
these
beneficial
effects,
1)
regulation
glial
polarization
inhibition
neuroinflammation,
2)
preservation
mitochondrial
dynamics
by
regulating
fission
fusion
proteins,
3)
suppression
oxidative
damage
DNA,
lipids.Furthermore,
enhanced
recruitment
microglia
surrounding
plaques
improving
expression
microglial
IL-3Rα
astrocytic
IL-3,
implies
potential
role
Aβ
clearance.Finally,
our
results
implicate
hemoglobin
mediating
neuroprotective
PBM,
as
Hbα
knockdown
abolished
treatment.Conclusion:
Collectively,
data
supports
use
prevent
progression
provides
new
insights
into
molecular
therapy.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
23(3), С. 1851 - 1851
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2022
Neurodegenerative
disorders
are
primarily
characterized
by
neuron
loss.
The
most
common
neurodegenerative
include
Alzheimer’s
and
Parkinson’s
disease.
Although
there
several
medicines
currently
approved
for
managing
disorders,
a
large
majority
of
them
only
help
with
associated
symptoms.
This
lack
pathogenesis-targeting
therapies
is
due
to
the
restrictive
effects
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB),
which
keeps
close
99%
all
“foreign
substances”
out
brain.
Since
their
discovery,
nanoparticles
have
been
successfully
used
targeted
delivery
into
many
organs,
including
review
briefly
describes
pathophysiology
Alzheimer’s,
disease,
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis,
current
management
approaches.
We
then
highlight
major
challenges
brain-drug
delivery,
followed
role
nanotherapeutics
diagnosis
treatment
various
neurological
disorders.
Molecules,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
27(6), С. 1816 - 1816
Опубликована: Март 10, 2022
Acetylcholine,
a
neurotransmitter
secreted
by
cholinergic
neurons,
is
involved
in
signal
transduction
related
to
memory
and
learning
ability.
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
progressive
commonly
diagnosed
neurodegenerative
disease,
characterized
cognitive
decline
behavioral
disorders.
The
pathogenesis
of
AD
complex
remains
unclear,
being
affected
various
factors.
hypothesis
the
earliest
theory
about
AD.
Cholinergic
atrophy
are
accelerated
age-related
diseases
such
as
In
addition,
abnormal
central
changes
can
also
induce
phosphorylation
ttau
protein,
nerve
cell
inflammation,
apoptosis,
other
pathological
phenomena,
but
exact
mechanism
action
still
unclear.
Due
unclear
pathogenesis,
effective
methods
prevent
treat
unavailable,
research
explore
novel
therapeutic
drugs
active
world.
This
review
summaries
role
signaling
correlation
between
pathway
with
risk
factors
provides
latest
efficient
treatment
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024
Abstract
The
human
gastrointestinal
tract
is
populated
with
a
diverse
microbial
community.
vast
genetic
and
metabolic
potential
of
the
gut
microbiome
underpins
its
ubiquity
in
nearly
every
aspect
biology,
including
health
maintenance,
development,
aging,
disease.
advent
new
sequencing
technologies
culture-independent
methods
has
allowed
researchers
to
move
beyond
correlative
studies
toward
mechanistic
explorations
shed
light
on
microbiome–host
interactions.
Evidence
unveiled
bidirectional
communication
between
central
nervous
system,
referred
as
“microbiota–gut–brain
axis”.
microbiota–gut–brain
axis
represents
an
important
regulator
glial
functions,
making
it
actionable
target
ameliorate
development
progression
neurodegenerative
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
mechanisms
As
provides
essential
cues
microglia,
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
examine
communications
microbiota
these
cells
during
healthy
states
Subsequently,
diseases
using
metabolite-centric
approach,
while
also
examining
role
microbiota-related
neurotransmitters
hormones.
Next,
targeting
intestinal
barrier,
blood–brain
meninges,
peripheral
immune
system
counteract
dysfunction
neurodegeneration.
Finally,
conclude
by
assessing
pre-clinical
clinical
evidence
probiotics,
prebiotics,
fecal
transplantation
A
thorough
comprehension
will
foster
effective
therapeutic
interventions
for
management
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Май 15, 2024
Abstract
Mitochondria,
with
their
intricate
networks
of
functions
and
information
processing,
are
pivotal
in
both
health
regulation
disease
progression.
Particularly,
mitochondrial
dysfunctions
identified
many
common
pathologies,
including
cardiovascular
diseases,
neurodegeneration,
metabolic
syndrome,
cancer.
However,
the
multifaceted
nature
elusive
phenotypic
threshold
dysfunction
complicate
our
understanding
contributions
to
diseases.
Nonetheless,
these
complexities
do
not
prevent
mitochondria
from
being
among
most
important
therapeutic
targets.
In
recent
years,
strategies
targeting
have
continuously
emerged
transitioned
clinical
trials.
Advanced
intervention
such
as
using
healthy
replenish
or
replace
damaged
mitochondria,
has
shown
promise
preclinical
trials
various
Mitochondrial
components,
mtDNA,
mitochondria-located
microRNA,
associated
proteins
can
be
potential
agents
augment
function
immunometabolic
diseases
tissue
injuries.
Here,
we
review
current
knowledge
pathophysiology
concrete
examples
We
also
summarize
treat
perspective
dietary
supplements
targeted
therapies,
well
translational
situation
related
pharmacology
agents.
Finally,
this
discusses
innovations
applications
transplantation
an
advanced
promising
treatment.
Ageing Research Reviews,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
70, С. 101397 - 101397
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2021
An
excess
of
saturated
fatty
acids
and
simple
sugars
in
the
diet
is
a
known
environmental
risk
factor
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
but
holistic
view
interacting
processes
through
which
such
may
contribute
to
AD
pathogenesis
missing.
We
addressed
this
need
extensive
analysis
published
studies
investigating
effects
western
(WD)
on
development
humans
laboratory
animals.
reviewed
WD-induced
systemic
alterations
comprising
metabolic
changes,
induction
obesity
adipose
tissue
inflammation,
gut
microbiota
dysbiosis
acceleration
low-grade
inflammation.
Next
we
provide
an
overview
evidence
demonstrating
that
WD-associated
drive
impairment
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
neuroinflammation
paralleled
by
accumulation
toxic
amyloid.
Later
these
changes
are
followed
dysfunction
synaptic
transmission,
neurodegeneration
finally
memory
cognitive
impairment.
conclude
WD
can
trigger
inflammaging,
BBB
induced
inflammation
play
central
role
process.
Moreover,
concurrence
Aβ
dyshomeostasis,
reciprocal
interactions
vicious
cycle
neurodegeneration,
contradicts
as
primary
AD.
Given
2019
World
Health
Organization
recommended
focusing
modifiable
factors
prevention,
sequential,
complex
pathomechanisms
initiated
WD,
lead
from
peripheral
disturbances
support
future
prevention
strategies.
