Breast Milk, a Source of Beneficial Microbes and Associated Benefits for Infant Health

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(4), С. 1039 - 1039

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2020

Human breast milk is considered the optimum feeding regime for newborn infants due to its ability provide complete nutrition and many bioactive health factors. Breast associated with improved infant immune development, less incidences of gastrointestinal disease lower mortality rates than formula fed infants. As well as providing fundamental nutrients growing infant, a source commensal bacteria which further enhance by preventing pathogen adhesion promoting gut colonisation beneficial microbes. While was initially sterile fluid microbes isolated were contaminants, it now widely accepted that home own unique microbiome. The origins in have been subject much debate, however, possibility an entero-mammary pathway allowing transfer from maternal mammary gland one potential pathway. derived strains can be regarded probiotics; therefore, studies focused on isolating subsequent use markets. This review aims discuss development preparation lactation explore microbial composition human microbiota focus probiotic development.

Язык: Английский

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Human milk oligosaccharides: Shaping the infant gut microbiota and supporting health

Journal of Functional Foods, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 72, С. 104074 - 104074

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2020

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are complex sugars which found in breast at significant concentrations and with unique structural diversity. These the fourth most abundant component of human after water, lipids, lactose yet provide no direct nutritional value to infant. Recent research has highlighted that HMOs have various functional roles play infant development. act as prebiotics by promoting growth beneficial intestinal bacteria thereby generating short-chain fatty acids critical for gut health. also directly modulate host-epithelial immune responses can selectively reduce binding pathogenic viruses epithelium preventing emergence a disease. This review covers current knowledge related biology their associated impact on

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota Supplementation with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Modifies the Preterm Infant Gut Microbiota and Metabolome: An Observational Study

Cell Reports Medicine, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 1(5), С. 100077 - 100077

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2020

Supplementation with members of the early-life microbiota as "probiotics" is increasingly used in attempts to beneficially manipulate preterm infant gut microbiota. We performed a large observational longitudinal study comprising two groups: 101 infants orally supplemented Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (Bif/Lacto) 133 non-supplemented (control) matched by age, sex, delivery method. 16S rRNA gene profiling on fecal samples (n = 592) showed predominance lower abundance pathobionts Bif/Lacto group. Metabolomic analysis higher acetate lactate pH group compared control Fecal positively correlated relative Bifidobacterium, consistent ability strain metabolize human milk oligosaccharides into acetate. This demonstrates that supplementation associated Bifidobacterium-dominated gastrointestinal environment more closely resembling full-term infants.

Язык: Английский

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Human milk oligosaccharide DSLNT and gut microbiome in preterm infants predicts necrotising enterocolitis

Gut, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 70(12), С. 2273 - 2282

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2020

Objective Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease primarily affecting preterm infants. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood: mother’s own breast milk (MOM) protective, possibly relating to human oligosaccharide (HMO) and infant gut microbiome interplay. We investigated the interaction between HMO profiles development its association with NEC. Design performed profiling of MOM in large cohort infants NEC (n=33) matched controls (n=37). In subset 48 (14 NEC), we also longitudinal metagenomic sequencing stool (n=644). Results Concentration single HMO, disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT), was significantly lower received by compared controls. A threshold level 241 nmol/mL had sensitivity specificity 0.9 for Metagenomic before onset showed relative abundance Bifidobacterium longum higher Enterobacter cloacae Longitudinal impacted low DSLNT associated reduced transition into community types dominated spp typically observed older Random forest analysis combining metagenome data accurately classified 87.5% as healthy or having Conclusion These results demonstrate importance HMOs health disease. findings offer potential targets biomarker development, risk stratification novel avenues supplements that may prevent life-threatening

Язык: Английский

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Leveraging diet to engineer the gut microbiome

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 18(12), С. 885 - 902

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The Relationship Between Breast Milk Components and the Infant Gut Microbiota

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Март 22, 2021

The assembly of the newborn's gut microbiota during first months life is an orchestrated process resulting in specialized microbial ecosystems different compartments. This highly dependent upon environmental factors, and many evidences suggest that early bacterial colonization has long-term consequences on host digestive immune homeostasis but also metabolism behavior. period therefore a "window opportunity" to program health through modulation. However, implementation this promising strategy requires in-depth understanding mechanisms governing assembly. Breastfeeding been associated with healthy infants. Human milk complex food matrix, numerous components potentially influence infant composition, either by enhancing specific bacteria growth or limiting others. objective review describe human composition discuss established purported roles establishment. Finally, impact maternal diet reviewed assess how could be simple efficient approach shape microbiota.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiome-based interventions to modulate gut ecology and the immune system

Mucosal Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(6), С. 1095 - 1113

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2022

The gut microbiome lies at the intersection between environment and host, with ability to modify host responses disease-relevant exposures stimuli. This is evident in how enteric microbes interact immune system, e.g., supporting maturation early life, affecting drug efficacy via modulation of responses, or influencing development cell populations their mediators. Many factors modulate ecosystem dynamics during daily life we are just beginning realise therapeutic prophylactic potential microbiome-based interventions. These approaches vary application, goal, mechanisms action. Some entire community, such as nutritional faecal microbiota transplantation, while others, phage therapy, probiotics, prebiotics, target specific taxa strains. In this review, assessed experimental evidence for interventions, a particular focus on clinical relevance, ecological effects, system.

Язык: Английский

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Strain-specific impacts of probiotics are a significant driver of gut microbiome development in very preterm infants

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(10), С. 1525 - 1535

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2022

Abstract The development of the gut microbiome from birth plays important roles in short- and long-term health, but factors influencing preterm are poorly understood. In present study, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse 1,431 longitudinal stool samples 123 very infants (<32 weeks’ gestation) who did not develop intestinal disease or sepsis over a study period 10 years. During period, one cohort had no probiotic exposure whereas two cohorts were given different products: Infloran ( Bifidobacterium bifidum Lactobacillus acidophilus ) Labinic B. bifidum, longum subsp. infantis L. ). Mothers’ own milk, breast milk fortifier, antibiotics probiotics significantly associated with microbiome, being most significant factor. Probiotics drove transition into community types (PGCTs), each enriched sp. increased postnatal age. Functional analyses identified metabolites PGCTs and, preterm-derived organoids, sterile faecal supernatants impacted intestinal, organoid monolayer, gene expression PGCT-specific manner. identifies specific influencers infants, some which overlap those impacting term infants. results highlight importance strain-specific differences products their impact on host interactions gut.

Язык: Английский

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Bifidobacterium mechanisms of immune modulation and tolerance

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2)

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2023

Bifidobacterium is a widely distributed commensal bacterial genus that displays beneficial pro-homeostatic and anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory properties. Depletion or absence of in humans model organisms associated with autoimmune responses impaired immune homeostasis. At the cellular level, upregulates suppressive regulatory T cells, maintains intestinal barrier function, modulates dendritic cell macrophage activity, dampens Th2 Th17 programs. While there has been large volume literature characterizing probiotic properties various Bifidobacterial species, likely multifactorial mechanisms underlying these effects remain elusive, particular, its tolerogenic effect. However, recent work shed light on surface structural polysaccharide protein elements, as well metabolic products, mediators This review aims to discuss several utilizes for modulation their indirect impact regulation gut microbiome structure from molecules produced metabolites. These are pertinent an increasingly networked understanding tolerance homeostasis health disease.

Язык: Английский

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Programmed and environmental determinants driving neonatal mucosal immune development

Immunity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 56(3), С. 485 - 499

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

The mucosal immune system of neonates goes through successive, non-redundant phases that support the developmental needs infant and ultimately establish homeostasis. These are informed by environmental cues, including dietary microbial stimuli, but also evolutionary programming functions independently external stimuli. response to exogenous stimuli is tightly regulated during early life; thresholds set within this neonatal "window opportunity" govern how will respond diet, microbiota, pathogenic microorganisms in future. Thus, changes early-life exposure, such as breastfeeding or influence immunological metabolic homeostasis risk developing diseases asthma/allergy obesity.

Язык: Английский

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