Rumen microbes, enzymes, metabolisms, and application in lignocellulosic waste conversion - A comprehensive review

Biotechnology Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 71, С. 108308 - 108308

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Rumen protozoa and viruses: The predators within and their functions—A mini-review

JDS Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(3), С. 236 - 240

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

The rumen microbiome digests plant feedstuff that would be otherwise indigestible and provides most of the metabolizable energy protein needed by host animals. Until recently, research effort has mostly been directed to bacteria archaea, leaving protozoa, fungi, viruses much less understood. Protozoa contribute feed digestion fermentation, but as predators, they impact its function regulating abundance activities microbes both in a top-down (by directly killing prey) bottom-up affecting metabolism other microbes) manner. Rumen (or phages, used interchangeably below) are diverse abundant least They also predators (intracellular "predators") because their lytic lifecycle, although can co-exist peacefully with hosts reprogram buttressing ecological fitness. In doing so, affect Here we review recent advancement understanding types focus on potential functions.

Язык: Английский

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Anaerobic fungi in the tortoise alimentary tract illuminate early stages of host-fungal symbiosis and Neocallimastigomycota evolution

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 28, 2024

Abstract Anaerobic gut fungi (AGF, Neocallimastigomycota ) reside in the alimentary tract of herbivores. While their presence mammals is well documented, evidence for occurrence non-mammalian hosts currently sparse. Culture-independent surveys AGF tortoises identified a unique community, with three novel deep-branching genera representing >90% sequences most samples. Representatives all were successfully isolated under strict anaerobic conditions. Transcriptomics-enabled phylogenomic and molecular dating analyses indicated an ancient, position tree these genera, evolutionary divergence time estimate 104-112 million years ago (Mya). Such estimates push establishment animal- symbiosis from late to early Cretaceous. Further, tortoise-associated isolates (T-AGF) exhibited limited capacity plant polysaccharides metabolism lacked genes encoding several carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) families. Finally, we demonstrate that observed curtailed degradation capacities reduced CAZyme repertoire driven by paucity horizontal gene transfer (HGT) T-AGF genomes, compared mammalian counterparts. This was reflected altered cellulosomal production T-AGF. Our findings provide insights into phylogenetic diversity, ecological distribution, history, evolution fungal-host nutritional symbiosis, dynamics acquisition .

Язык: Английский

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Yaks Are Dependent on Gut Microbiota for Survival in the Environment of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

The yak (Poephagus grunniens) has evolved unique adaptations to survive the harsh environment of Tibetan Plateau, while their gut microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining health animal. Gut microbes spread through animal population not only by horizontal transmission but also vertically, which enhances microbial stability and inheritance between generations population. Homogenization different species occurs same habitat enhancing interspecies coexistence. Using as model animal, this paper reviews adaptive strategies under extreme environments how circulate throughout Plateau system, affects other plateau animals such pikas, can have profound impact on people. By examining relationships yaks microbes, review provides new perspectives understanding ecosystem.

Язык: Английский

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Yaks Are Dependent on Gut Microbiota for Survival in the Environment of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(6), С. 1122 - 1122

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

The yak (Poephagus grunniens) has evolved unique adaptations to survive the harsh environment of Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, while their gut microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining health animal. Gut microbes spread through animal population not only by horizontal transmission but also vertically, which enhances microbial stability and inheritance between generations population. Homogenization different species occurs same habitat, promoting interspecies coexistence. Using as model animal, this paper discusses adaptive strategies under extreme environments, how circulate throughout Tibetan Plateau system, affects other plateau animals such pikas, can have profound impact on people. By examining relationships yaks microbiota, review offers new insights into adaptation ecological niche plateau.

Язык: Английский

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Rumen protozoa are a hub for diverse hydrogenotrophic functions

Environmental Microbiology Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(4)

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024

Abstract Ciliate protozoa are an integral part of the rumen microbial community involved in a variety metabolic processes. These processes thought to be outcome interactions with their associated prokaryotic community. For example, methane production is enhanced through interspecies hydrogen transfer between and archaea. We hypothesize that ciliate host stable dictated by specific functions they carry. Here, we modify varying forage‐to‐concentrate ratios show that, despite major changes community, several taxa remain stably protozoa. By quantifying genes belonging various known reduction pathways rumen, find bacterial enriched utilization these correspond same taxonomic affiliations seen Our results may serve as hub for hydrogenotrophic better understanding driven different unveil potential role ciliates shaping metabolism.

Язык: Английский

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Phylogenomics corroborates morphology: New discussions on the systematics of Trichostomatia (Ciliophora, Litostomatea)

European Journal of Protistology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 95, С. 126093 - 126093

Опубликована: Май 24, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling novel antimicrobial peptides from the ruminant gastrointestinal microbiomes: A deep learning-driven approach yields an anti-MRSA candidate

Journal of Advanced Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) present a promising avenue to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. The ruminant gastrointestinal microbiome serves as unique ecosystem that offers untapped potential for AMP discovery.

Язык: Английский

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Rumen microbiota for cattle performance and greenhouse gas mitigation across the world

Journal of Cleaner Production, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 145806 - 145806

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Egoviruses: distant relatives of poxviruses abundant in the gut microbiome of humans and animals worldwide

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 23, 2024

Abstract Large and giant double-stranded DNA viruses within the phylum Nucleocytoviricota are diverse prevalent in environment where they substantially affect ecology evolution of eukaryotes 1–4 . Until now, these were only sporadically found digestive system vertebrates 5–7 Here, we present identification genomic characterization a proposed third order class Pokkesviricetes that currently consists poxviruse s asfuviruses 8 Members this newly identified provisionally named “ Egovirales ” commonly worldwide abundant >10% livestock animals, >2% humans, wild animals. Egoviruses have linear genomes up to 467 kbp length likely form multilayered icosahedral capsids, similar those asfuviruses. However, phylogenetic analysis conserved viral genes indicates egoviruses sister group poxviruses, with implications for capsid evolution. The diversity already far exceeds all known poxviruses animal-associated Phylogenetic analyses patterns virus distribution across suggest can be either specialists or generalists associated single multiple vertebrate species, respectively. Notably, one egovirus clade is human-specific, evolutionarily constrained, spread continents, demonstrating long-term association between human population on global scale. not expand ecological evolutionary scope , but also represent diverse, widespread, infecting eukaryotic cells vertebrates.

Язык: Английский

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