The Human Microbiome and Child Growth – First 1000 Days and Beyond

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 27(2), С. 131 - 147

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2018

The assembly of microbial communities within the gastrointestinal tract during early life plays a critical role in immune, endocrine, metabolic, and other host developmental pathways. Environmental insults this period, such as food insecurity infections, can disrupt optimal succession, which may contribute to lifelong intergenerational deficits growth development. Here, we review human microbiome first 1000 days - referring period from conception 2 years age using model, examine succession We propose that an 'undernourished' is intergenerational, thereby perpetuating impairments into successive generations. also identify discuss intertwining host-microbe-environment interactions occurring prenatally infancy, impair trajectories healthy development, explore their potential novel targets for intervention.

Язык: Английский

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Menstruation: science and society

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 223(5), С. 624 - 664

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2020

Women's health concerns are generally underrepresented in basic and translational research, but reproductive particular has been hampered by a lack of understanding uterine menstrual physiology. Menstrual is an integral part overall because between menarche menopause, most women menstruate. Yet for tens millions around the world, menstruation regularly often catastrophically disrupts their physical, mental, social well-being. Enhancing our underlying phenomena involved menstruation, abnormal bleeding, other menstruation-related disorders will move us closer to goal personalized care. Furthermore, deeper mechanistic menstruation-a fast, scarless healing process healthy individuals-will likely yield insights into myriad diseases involving regulation vascular function locally systemically. We also recognize that many now delay pregnancy there increasing desire fertility preservation. In September 2018, Gynecologic Health Disease Branch Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Child Human Development convened 2-day meeting, "Menstruation: Science Society" with aim "identify gaps opportunities science raise awareness need more research this field." Experts fields ranging from evolutionary role endometrial biology (including omic analysis endometrium, stem cells tissue engineering microbiome, bleeding fibroids) medicine (imaging sampling modalities, patient-focused including smart technologies or applications mobile platforms) societal challenges literacy dissemination frameworks across different economic cultural landscapes shared current state-of-the-art future vision, incorporating patient voice at launch meeting. Here, we provide enhanced meeting report extensive up-to-date (as submission) context, capturing spectrum how processes commence response progesterone withdrawal, through tissue-resident circulating progenitor monthly regeneration-and knowledge on dysregulation leads such as adenomyosis, endometriosis, fibroids-to clinical diagnostics, treatment, education. conclude overview global agenda concerning specifically hygiene, gaining momentum, investment addressing barriers facing girls schools low- middle-income countries recent "menstrual equity" "period poverty" movements spreading high-income countries.

Язык: Английский

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Uterine Microbiota: Residents, Tourists, or Invaders?

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9

Опубликована: Март 2, 2018

Uterine microbiota have been reported under various conditions and populations, however it is uncertain the level to which these bacteria are residents that maintain homeostasis, tourists readily eliminated or invaders contribute human disease. This review provides a historical timeline summarizes current status of this topic with aim promoting research priorities discussion on controversial topic. Discrepancies exist in reports uterine critically reviewed examined. Established putative routes bacterial seeding uterus interactions distal mucosal sites discussed. Based upon literature we highlight need for additional robust clinical translational studies area. In addition, discuss necessity investigating host-microbiota physiologic functional impact local endometrial microenvironment as mechanisms may influence poor reproductive, obstetric gynecologic health outcomes sequelae.

Язык: Английский

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The Female Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Bacterial Vaginosis

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2021

The vaginal microbiome is an intricate and dynamic microecosystem that constantly undergoes fluctuations during the female menstrual cycle woman’s entire life. A healthy dominated by Lactobacillus which produce various antimicrobial compounds. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) characterized loss or sharp decline in total number of a corresponding marked increase concentration anaerobic microbes. BV highly prevalent disorder microbiota among women reproductive age globally. confirmed to be associated with adverse gynecologic obstetric outcomes, such as sexually transmitted infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, preterm birth. Gardnerella vaginalis most common microorganism identified from BV. It predominant microbe polymicrobial biofilms could shelter G. other BV-associated microbes host environments. Many efforts have been made our understanding health Thus, improved novel accurate diagnosis therapeutic strategies for developed. This review covers features microbiome, BV, diseases, treatment emphasis on recent research progresses.

Язык: Английский

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The microbiome and gynaecological cancer development, prevention and therapy

Nature Reviews Urology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(4), С. 232 - 250

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Current Understanding and Burning Questions

Journal of Fungi, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(1), С. 27 - 27

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2020

Candida albicans, along with other closely related species, are the primary causative agents of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC)—a multifactorial infectious disease lower female reproductive tract resulting in pathologic inflammation. Unlike forms candidiasis, VVC is a immunocompetent and otherwise healthy women, most predominant during their child-bearing years. While non-lethal, its high global incidence profound negative impact on quality-of-life necessitates further understanding host fungal factors that drive pathogenesis. In this review, we cover current state our epidemiology, response, pathogenicity mechanisms, microbiome, novel approaches to treatment prevalent human candidal infection. We also offer insight into latest advancements field identify important questions still remain.

Язык: Английский

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How uterine microbiota might be responsible for a receptive, fertile endometrium

Human Reproduction Update, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 24(4), С. 393 - 415

Опубликована: Март 28, 2018

Fertility depends on a receptive state of the endometrium, influenced by hormonal and anatomical adaptations, as well immune system. Local systemic immunity is greatly microbiota. Recent discoveries 16S rRNA in endometrium ability to detect low-biomass microbiota fueled notion that uterus may be indeed non-sterile compartment. To date, concept 'sterile womb' focuses utero effects offspring neonatal immunity. However, little awareness has been raised regarding importance uterine for endometrial physiology reproductive health; manifested fertility placentation.Commensal colonization widely discussed literature. The objective this review outline possible healthy, fertile uterus. We present available evidence microbiota, focusing recent findings based rRNA, depict endometrium. highlight role host tissue adaptation, conferring protection against pathogens. Based knowledge interaction mucosal cells gut with local microbiome, we want investigate potential implications commensal health.PubMed Google Scholar were searched articles English indexed from 1 January 2008 March 2018 '16S rRNA', 'uterus' related search terms assess microbiome analysis. A manual references within resulting was performed. functional contributions health, studies other body sites additionally assessed.Challenging view sterile its infancy and, no conclusions 'core microbiome' can drawn. Nevertheless, certain and/or associated compounds accumulates. presence or their constituent molecules, such polysaccharide Bacteroides fragilis capsule, go together healthy physiological function. Lessons learned suggest potentially modulate cell subsets needed implantation have morphology. Microbiota also crucial infections defending niche competing Our highlights need well-designed 'baseline' microbial representing optimal starting point subsequent placenta formation.The complex interplay processes involved pregnancy still poorly understood. correct state, including environment, not only but formation since initiation placentation highly cells. Implantation failure, recurrent loss, pathologies placenta, pre-eclampsia, represent an increasing societal burden. More robust are colonization. current data, future research needs include relevant factor order understand players pregnancy.

Язык: Английский

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Viable bacterial colonization is highly limited in the human intestine in utero

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 26(4), С. 599 - 607

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Endometritis: new time, new concepts

Fertility and Sterility, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 110(3), С. 344 - 350

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Does the human placenta delivered at term have a microbiota? Results of cultivation, quantitative real-time PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metagenomics

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 220(3), С. 267.e1 - 267.e39

Опубликована: Март 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

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