Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 648, С. 203 - 219
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2023
Язык: Английский
FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 45(3)
Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2020
Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It exists as commensal in the oral cavity, gut or genital tract most individuals, constrained by local microbiota, epithelial barriers and immune defences. Their perturbation can lead to outgrowth development mucosal infections such oropharyngeal vulvovaginal candidiasis, patients with compromised immunity are susceptible life-threatening systemic infections. The importance interplay between fungus, host microbiota driving transition from C. commensalism pathogenicity widely appreciated. However, complexity these interactions, significant impact fungal, variability upon disease severity outcome, less well understood. Therefore, we summarise features fungus that promote infection, how genetic variation clinical isolates influences pathogenicity. We discuss antifungal immunity, this differs mucosae, individual person's susceptibility infection. Also, describe factors influence composition gut, vaginal microbiotas, affect colonisation immunity. argue detailed understanding variables, which underlie fungal-host-microbiota will present opportunities for directed therapies benefit vulnerable patients.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
231
Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1)
Опубликована: Май 24, 2019
Candida albicans is a fungal pathobiont, able to cause epithelial cell damage and immune activation. These functions have been attributed its secreted toxin, candidalysin, though the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we identify epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as critical component of candidalysin-triggered responses. We find that both C. candidalysin activate human EGFR receptors candidalysin-deficient mutants induce phosphorylation during murine oropharyngeal candidiasis. Furthermore, inhibition impairs MAPK signalling release neutrophil activating chemokines in vitro, diminishes recruitment, causing significant mortality an EGFR-inhibited zebrafish swimbladder model infection. Investigation into mechanism activation revealed requirement matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), ligands calcium. thus PAMP-independent stimulation highlight components potential targets for prophylactic therapeutic intervention mucosal
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
147
Mycoses, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 64(6), С. 583 - 602
Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2021
Approximately 70-75% of women will have vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) at least once in their lifetime. In premenopausal, pregnant, asymptomatic and healthy with acute VVC, Candida albicans is the predominant species. The diagnosis VVC should be based on clinical symptoms microscopic detection pseudohyphae. Symptoms alone do not allow reliable differentiation causes vaginitis. recurrent or complicated cases, diagnostics involve fungal culture species identification. Serological determination antibody titres has no role VVC. Before induction therapy, always medically confirmed. Acute can treated local imidazoles, polyenes ciclopirox olamine, using vaginal tablets, ovules creams. Triazoles also prescribed orally, together antifungal creams, for treatment vulva. Commonly available antimycotics are generally well tolerated, different regimens show similarly good results. Antiseptics potentially effective but act against physiological flora. Neither a woman colonisation nor an sexual partner treated. Women chronic vulvovaginitis undergo dose-reducing maintenance therapy oral triazoles. Unnecessary antimycotic therapies avoided, non-albicans vaginitis alternative agents. last 6 weeks pregnancy, receive to reduce risk vertical transmission, thrush diaper dermatitis newborn. Local preferred during pregnancy.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
111
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13
Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2023
The vaginal microbiome is a distinct component of the human that colonized by wide variety microorganisms. Lactobacilli are most frequently identified microorganisms in healthy vagina. These Gram-positive bacilli can acidify microenvironment, inhibit proliferation other pathogenic microorganisms, and promote maintenance eubiotic microbiome. However, flora with reduced proportion or abundance lactobacilli associated various infections have been linked to serious health consequences such as infertility, preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, premature rupture membranes, miscarriage. Due their “Generally Recognized Safe” classification critical role health, probiotic widely used an alternative adjunct traditional antibiotic therapy for treatment restoration This review focuses on significant microenvironment discusses use female vitro vivo .
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
46
Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(1), С. 108 - 108
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2024
Among the infectious causes of vulvovaginal symptoms, bacterial vaginosis (BV) and candidiasis (VVC) dominate. Apart from infrequent mixed infections, both are considered independent caused by unrelated pathogenic mechanisms. Clinical experience, however, is strongly suggestive that in some populations these infections linked with recurrent BV (RBV) serving as dominant etiopathogenic trigger for development VVC (RVVC) profound clinical therapeutic consequences. The biologic basis this critical interrelationship discussed suggests a consequence dysbiosis, not necessarily because antibiotics prescribed, immune defenses compromised, neutralizing vaginal yeast tolerance. consequent BV-induced proinflammatory environment predisposes to infection or consecutive episodes post-treatment VVC. Recurrent repeated antimicrobial drug exposure also predispose acquired fluconazole resistance C. albicans isolates, contributing refractory candidiasis.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
17
Future Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 16(18), С. 1453 - 1461
Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2021
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) has significant disease, financial and quality-of-life burdens, affects women from all strata of society worldwide, lacks an approved therapeutic solution. Fluconazole emerged in 2004 as antifungal for RVVC; it provides symptom control been accepted worldwide a first-line treatment. Its limitations include the development resistance high rate recurrence after therapy cessation. There is now improved treatment option on horizon: oteseconazole - novel, oral, selective fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme 51 inhibitor, designed to avoid off-target toxicities. In clinical studies date, demonstrated impressive efficacy, positive tolerability profile hope superior RVVC option.Lay abstract Many are affected by vaginal infections, also called yeast infections. These infections can affect normal daily activities have negative emotional effects well, especially who repeatedly. no US FDA-approved repeated although symptoms often managed with prescription medication, fluconazole. However, using fluconazole health risks, when used repeatedly over months or years. Another problem that yeasts cause infection become resistant A new medication developed tested may soon provide effective safer.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
60
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(11), С. 5895 - 5895
Опубликована: Май 24, 2022
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common types vaginal infections in women around world and often underestimated by both patients doctors. Research on pathogenesis fungal over last 20 years has resulted a closer understanding virulence factors involved Candida epithelial invasion their mechanisms action. Recently, attention was drawn to enormous complexity interaction between yeast-like fungi host cells, as well level host’s response infection impact course treatment VVC. Our work provides broad description already known some new reports (such phenotypic switching or biofilm formation capacity) importance for tissue At same time, we also focus interactions with cells local innate immune that are now considered equally important this case. The presented review describes aspects still unknown pathogenicity associated infections.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
58
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12
Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2022
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) is a chronic, difficult to treat vaginal infection, caused by Candida species, which affects women of all ages and ethnic social background. A long-term prophylactic maintenance regimen with antifungals often necessary. In most clinical practice guidelines, oral fluconazole recommended as the first-line treatment. Although resistance antifungal agents remains rare, overexposure azoles may increase development fluconazole-resistant C . albicans strains. addition, non-albicans species are frequently dose-dependent susceptible or resistant other azoles, their prevalence rising. Available therapeutic options such C. low susceptibility non- strains limited. Ten experts from different European countries discussed problematic issues current RVVC diagnosis treatment in two audiotaped online sessions electronic follow-up rounds. total 340 statements were transcribed, summarized, compared published evidence. The profile patients RVVC, care pathways, needs, potential value novel drugs addressed. Correct diagnosis, right choice, patient education obtain adherence therapy regimens crucial for successful As limited, innovative strategies required. Well- tolerated effective new an optimized mechanism action desirable discussed. Research into impact treatments on health-related quality life sex also needed.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
40
Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(5), С. 1211 - 1211
Опубликована: Май 5, 2023
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), which is primarily caused by Candida albicans, an infection that affects up to 75% of all reproductive-age women worldwide. Recurrent VVC (RVVC) defined as >3 episodes per year and nearly 8% globally. At mucosal sites the vagina, a delicate complex balance exists between spp., host immunity local microbial communities. In fact, both immune response microbiota composition play central role in counteracting overgrowth fungus maintaining homeostasis host. If this perturbed, conditions may favor C. albicans yeast-to-hyphal transition, predisposing VVC. To date, factors affect equilibrium spp. drive transition from commensalism pathogenicity are not yet fully understood. Understanding host- fungus-related pathogenesis paramount importance for development adequate therapeutic interventions combat common genital infection. This review focuses on latest advances pathogenic mechanisms implicated onset also discusses novel potential strategies, with special focus use probiotics vaginal transplantation treatment and/or prevention recurrent
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
32
Current Clinical Microbiology Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(2), С. 55 - 65
Опубликована: Март 31, 2023
Abstract Purpose of Review The fungus Candida albicans has evolved to live in close association with warm-blooded hosts and is found frequently on mucosal surfaces healthy humans. As an opportunistic pathogen, C. can also cause disseminated infections (candidiasis). This review describes the features that differentiate commensal versus pathogenic state main factors underlying commensal-to-pathogen transition. Recent Findings Adhesion, invasion, tissue damage are critical steps infection process. Especially invasion require transcriptional morphological changes from state. While transition some conserved causes oral cavity, female urogenital tract, gut, site-specific differences have been identified recent years. Summary highlights how specific different niches affect development candidiasis. evidence suggests colonization gut not only a risk factor for systemic candidiasis but might provide beneficial effects host.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
26