Direct Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) for Aliphatic C–H Bonds Elaboration

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 122(2), С. 1875 - 1924

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2021

Direct photocatalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (d-HAT) can be considered a method of choice for the elaboration aliphatic C–H bonds. In this manifold, photocatalyst (PCHAT) exploits energy photon to trigger homolytic cleavage such bonds in organic compounds. Selective bond may achieved by judicious abstractor (key parameters are electronic character and molecular structure), as well reaction additives. Different classes PCsHAT available, including aromatic ketones, xanthene dyes (Eosin Y), polyoxometalates, uranyl salts, metal-oxo porphyrin tris(amino)cyclopropenium radical dication. The processes (mainly C–C formation) most cases carried out under mild conditions with help visible light. aim review is offer comprehensive survey synthetic applications d-HAT.

Язык: Английский

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Photocatalytic Late-Stage C–H Functionalization

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 123(8), С. 4237 - 4352

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2023

The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C–H functionalization approaches that make use low energy photons as a controllable source. Compared to traditional strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- chemoselectivities. Merging compelling benefits with workflow offers potentially unmatched arsenal tackle drug development campaigns beyond. This Review highlights photocatalytic strategies small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, natural products, classified according targeted bond newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted identifying, describing, comparing main mechanistic scenarios. draws critical comparison between established ionic chemistry photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. aims establish current state-of-the-art illustrate key unsolved challenges be addressed in future. authors aim introduce general readership functionalization, specialist practitioners evaluation methodologies, potential for improvement, future uncharted directions.

Язык: Английский

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Multicomponent reactions and photo/electrochemistry join forces: atom economy meets energy efficiency

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 51(6), С. 2313 - 2382

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Visible-light photoredox catalysis has been regarded as an extremely powerful tool in organic chemistry, bringing the spotlight back to radical processes. The versatility of photocatalyzed reactions already demonstrated be effective providing alternative routes for cross-coupling well multicomponent reactions. photocatalyst allows generation high-energy intermediates through light irradiation rather than using highly reactive reagents or harsh reaction conditions. In a similar vein, electrochemistry experienced fruitful renaissance generating without need any catalyst. Such milder approaches pose basis toward higher selectivity and broader applicability. electrochemical reactions, species acts starter cascade events. This diverse reactivity use is usually not covered by classical methods. Owing availability cheaper more standardized photo- reactors, easily scalable flow-setups, it surprising that these two fields have become areas increased research interest. Keeping view, this review aimed at overview synthetic design MCRs involving and/or activation crucial step with particular focus on choice difunctionalized reagent.

Язык: Английский

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Decatungstate-Catalyzed C(sp³)–H Sulfinylation: Rapid Access to Diverse Organosulfur Functionality

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 143(26), С. 9737 - 9743

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2021

Here we report the direct conversion of strong, aliphatic C(

Язык: Английский

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Metallaphotoredox catalysis for sp³C–H functionalizations through hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(12), С. 4099 - 4120

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

sp 3 C–H functionalizations under the combination of photocatalytic HAT and transition metal catalysis.

Язык: Английский

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Access to axially chiral styrenes via a photoinduced asymmetric radical reaction involving a sulfur dioxide insertion

Chem Catalysis, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2(1), С. 164 - 177

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Radical approaches to C–S bonds

Nature Reviews Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(8), С. 573 - 589

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Photocatalyzed Enantioselective Functionalization of C(sp³)–H Bonds

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 146(2), С. 1209 - 1223

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2024

Owing to its diverse activation processes including single-electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen-atom (HAT), visible-light photocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable efficient platform for organic synthesis. These provide powerful avenue the direct functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds under mild conditions. Over past decade, there have been remarkable advances in enantioselective bond via combined with conventional asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we summarize involving discuss two main pathways this emerging field: (a) SET-driven carbocation intermediates are followed by stereospecific nucleophile attacks; (b) photodriven alkyl radical further enantioselectively captured (i) chiral π-SOMOphile reagents, (ii) stereoselective transition-metal complexes, (iii) another distinct stereoscopic species. We aim key reaction design, catalyst development, mechanistic understanding, new insights into rapidly evolving area research.

Язык: Английский

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Frontiers in Photoelectrochemical Catalysis: A Focus on Valuable Product Synthesis

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(21)

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2024

Abstract Photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalysis provides the most promising avenue for producing value‐added chemicals and consumables from renewable precursors. Over last decades, PEC catalysis, including reduction of feedstock, oxidation organics, activation functionalization C─C C─H bonds, are extensively investigated, opening new opportunities employing technology in upgrading readily available resources. However, several challenges still remain unsolved, hindering commercialization process. This review offers an overview targeted at synthesis high‐value sustainable First, fundamentals evaluating reactions context product both anode cathode recalled. Then, common photoelectrode fabrication methods that have been employed to produce thin‐film photoelectrodes highlighted. Next, advancements systematically reviewed discussed conversion various feedstocks highly valued chemicals. Finally, prospects field presented. aims facilitating further development precursors products other pharmaceuticals.

Язык: Английский

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Photoinduced Regiodivergent and Enantioselective Cross-Coupling of Glycine Derivatives with Hydrocarbon Feedstocks

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

Regiodivergent asymmetric synthesis represents a transformative strategy for the efficient generation of structurally diverse chiral products from single set starting materials, significantly enriching their enantiomeric composition. However, design radical-mediated regiodivergent and enantioselective reactions that can accommodate wide range functional groups substrates has posed significant challenges. The obstacles primarily lie in switching regioselectivity achieving high enantiodiscrimination, especially when dealing with high-energy intermediates. To address these issues, we have developed new catalytic system integrates photoinduced hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) copper catalysis, involving fine-tuning ligands, additives, other reaction parameters. facilitates cross-couplings between N-aryl glycine ester/amide derivatives abundant hydrocarbon feedstocks through strong C(sp3)–H bond activation. This approach allows controlled stereoselective formation C(sp3)–C(sp3) C(sp3)–N bonds, yielding rich variety C- or N-alkylated esters amides commendable yields (up to 92% yield), exclusive regioselectivities (typically >20:1 rr), enantioselectivities 96% ee). Our methodology not only provides promising avenue incorporation alkyl functionalities onto specific sites biologically molecules but also offers practical while simultaneously induction within photochemical reactions.

Язык: Английский

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