Contribution of semen to early embryo development: fertilization and beyond

Human Reproduction Update, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(4), С. 395 - 433

Опубликована: Март 7, 2023

Abstract BACKGROUND It has long been thought that the factors affecting embryo and foetal development were exclusively maternally derived; hence, if issues regarding fertility to arise, blame traditionally placed solely on mother. An escalating interest in how paternal influence development, however, begun prove otherwise. Evidence suggests both seminal plasma (SP) sperm contribute multiple shape embryogenesis. This review thus focuses role semen driving early embryonic describes factors, such as SP, centriole, proteins, RNA, DNA, its integrity, together with epigenetics, may female reproductive tract post-fertilization events. The important contributions of highlight imperative need for further research this area, which is sure bring forth breakthroughs leading improvements infertility diagnosis ART well reducing risk miscarriage. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE provides a comprehensive overview human embryo, aim providing better understanding SP divisions, gene protein expression, miscarriage, congenital diseases. SEARCH METHODS PubMed searches performed using terms ‘sperm structure’, ‘capacitation’, ‘acrosome reaction’, ‘fertilization’, ‘oocyte activation’, ‘PLCζ’, ‘PAWP’, ‘sperm-borne oocyte activation factor’, deficiency’, centriole’, transport’, mitochondria’, ‘seminal plasma’, epigenetics’, histone modifications’, DNA methylation’, ‘sperm-derived transcripts’, proteins’, fragmentation’, mRNA’, miRNAs’, piRNAs’, aneuploidy’. reviewed articles restricted those published English between 1980 2022. OUTCOMES data suggest male-derived much more than just male haploid genome embryo. indicates contributes help fate These include from RNA integrity. In addition, epigenetic changes have an impact tract, fertilization, stages development. For example, recent proteomic transcriptomic studies identified several sperm-borne markers play roles fertilization WIDER IMPLICATIONS highlights are required work tandem counterparts allow correct A deeper shuttled over cell can shed light improve andrological perspective. Further aid preventing passing genetic abnormalities origin, decreasing incidence factor infertility. exact mechanisms contribution assist scientists IVF clinicians determining new causes recurrent miscarriage or failure.

Язык: Английский

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The Renaissance of Male Infertility Management in the Golden Age of Andrology

The World Journal of Men s Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 41(2), С. 237 - 237

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Infertility affects nearly 186 million people worldwide and the male partner is cause in about half of cases. Meta-regression data indicate an unexplained decline sperm concentration total count over last four decades, with increasing prevalence infertility. This suggests urgent need to implement further basic clinical research Andrology. Andrology developed as a branch urology, gynecology, endocrinology, and, dermatology. The first scientific journal devoted andrological sciences was founded 1969. Since then, despite great advancements, andrology has encountered several obstacles its growth. In fact, for cultural reasons, often been neglected diagnostic therapeutic workup infertile couple. Furthermore, development assisted reproductive techniques (ART) driven strong impression that this biotechnology can overcome all forms infertility, common belief having spermatozoon from (a sort donor) needed achieve pregnancy. However, practice shown quality gamete important successful ART outcome. safety questioned because high comorbidities offspring conceptions compared spontaneous conceptions. These issues have paved way more greater understanding mechanisms spermatogenesis Consequently, numerous discoveries made field andrology, ranging genetics "omics" technologies, oxidative stress DNA fragmentation, sixth edition WHO manual, artificial intelligence, management azoospermia, fertility cancers survivors, testis, 3D printing, gene engineering, stem cells therapy spermatogenesis, reconstructive microsurgery seminal microbiome. Nevertheless, many cases infertility remain idiopathic, studies are required improve males. A multidisciplinary strategy involving both clinicians scientists basic, translational, core principle will allow limits reach goals. state-of-the-art article aims present historical review particularly, "Middle Ages" "Renaissance", golden age andrology.

Язык: Английский

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The evolution of centriole degradation in mouse sperm

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024

Abstract Centrioles are subcellular organelles found at the cilia base with an evolutionarily conserved structure and a shock absorber-like function. In sperm, centrioles flagellum essential for embryo development in basal animals. Yet, sperm have evolved diverse forms, sometimes acting like transmission system, as cattle, becoming dispensable, house mice. How centriole to become dispensable some organisms is unclear. Here, we test hypothesis that this transition occurred through cascade of evolutionary changes proteins, structure, function was possibly driven by competition. We final steps associated change primary centriolar inner scaffold protein FAM161A rodents. This information provides first insight into molecular mechanisms adaptive evolution underlying major within internal mammalian neck.

Язык: Английский

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The Centriole’s Role in Miscarriages

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Март 1, 2022

Centrioles are subcellular organelles essential for normal cell function and development; they form the cell's centrosome (a major cytoplasmic microtubule organization center) cilium sensory motile hair-like cellular extension). with evolutionarily conserved characteristics found in most animal types but absent egg cells exhibit unexpectedly high structural, compositional, functional diversity sperm cells. As a result, centriole's precise role fertility early embryo development is unclear. The centrioles spermatozoan neck, strategic location connecting two central units: tail, which propels to head, holds paternal genetic material. neck an ideal site evolutionary innovation as it can control tail movement pre-fertilization male pronucleus' behavior post-fertilization. We propose that human, bovine, other mammals-which ancestral centriole-dependent reproduction centrioles, where one canonical centriole maintained, atypical formed-adapted extensive species-specific centriolar features. these have post-fertilization malfunction rate, resulting aneuploidy, miscarriages. In contrast, house mice evolved centriole-independent reproduction, losing overcoming mechanism causes

Язык: Английский

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The reaction-diffusion basis of animated patterns in eukaryotic flagella

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2023

The flagellar beat of bull spermatozoa and C. Reinhardtii are modelled by a minimal, geometrically exact, reaction-diffusion system. Spatio-temporal animated patterns describe waves, analogous to chemical-patterns from classical systems, with sliding-controlled molecular motor reaction-kinetics. system is derived first principles as consequence the high-internal dissipation flagellum relative external hydrodynamic dissipation. Quantitative comparison nonlinear, large-amplitude simulations shows that account for experimental beating both sperm Reinhardtii. Our results suggest unified mechanism may exist motors controlled sliding, without requiring curvature-sensing, uninfluenced hydrodynamics. High-internal instigates autonomous travelling waves independently fluid, enabling progressive swimming, otherwise not possible, in low viscosity environments, potentially critical fertilizers aquatic microorganisms. prove powerful tool studying pattern formation movement on structures.

Язык: Английский

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The human sperm proteome—Toward a panel for male fertility testing

Andrology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(7), С. 1418 - 1436

Опубликована: Март 10, 2023

Abstract Background Although male factor accounts for 40%–50% of unintended childlessness, we are far from fully understanding the detailed causes. Usually, affected men cannot even be provided with a molecular diagnosis. Objectives We aimed at higher resolution human sperm proteome better causes infertility. were particularly interested in why reduced count decreases fertility despite many normal‐looking spermatozoa and which proteins might involved. Material methods Applying mass spectrometry analysis, qualitatively quantitatively examined proteomic profiles 76 differing fertility. Infertile had abnormal semen parameters involuntarily childless. Fertile subjects exhibited normozoospermia fathered children without medical assistance. Results discovered about 7000 coding genes proteome. These mainly known involvements cellular motility, response to stimuli, adhesion, reproduction. Numbers showing least threefold deviating abundances increased oligozoospermia ( N = 153) oligoasthenozoospermia 154) oligoasthenoteratozoospermia 368). Deregulated primarily engaged flagellar assembly fertilization, gametogenesis. Most these participated larger network infertility proteins. Discussion expose 31 displaying deviant under infertility, already before have relevance, including ACTL9, CCIN, CFAP47, CFAP65, CFAP251 (WDR66), DNAH1, SPEM1. propose 18 additional eightfold differential abundance further testing their diagnostic potential, such as C2orf16, CYLC1, SPATA31E1, SPATA31D1, SPATA48, EFHB (CFAP21), FAM161A. Conclusion Our results shed light on background dysfunctionality fewer produced syndromes it. The presented may prove useful elucidating mechanism

Язык: Английский

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Centrosome Formation in the Bovine Early Embryo

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(9), С. 1335 - 1335

Опубликована: Май 7, 2023

Centrosome formation during early development in mice and rats occurs due to the appearance of centrioles de novo. In contrast, humans other non-rodent mammals, are thought be derived from spermatozoa. Ultrastructural study zygotes embryos cattle at full series ultrathin sections show that proximal centriole spermatozoon disappears by end first cleavage division. Centrioles appear two four cell fertilized oocytes parthenogenetic embryos. Centriole includes atypical with randomly arranged triplets microtubule various lengths. After third cleavage, centriolar cylinders for time blastomeres while each embryo still has centrioles. Our results showed mechanisms different groups mammals universal, differing only stage which they occur.

Язык: Английский

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The Sentient Cell

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2023

Abstract This volume is the natural follow-up to Arthur Reber’s 2019 book, The First Minds: Caterpillars, ‘Karyotes, and Consciousness (TFM). In that earlier work, Cellular Basis of (CBC) theory was developed based on a number efforts published in variety journals between 1997 as well talks, colloquia, presentations at conferences. core proposition TFM life mind are co-terminous. All organisms, all species extant extinct, sentient. have an existentially secure consciousness—without which they would been evolutionary dead-ends, unable survive chaotic, dangerous environment first appeared. And, importantly, forms sentience, cognitive functioning right up including those expressed by humans, evolved from original expression consciousness birth prokaryotes. unicellular widely accepted, foundational principle biological social sciences. CBC simply applies same sentience.

Язык: Английский

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The human sperm basal body is a complex centrosome important for embryo preimplantation development

Molecular Human Reproduction, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(11)

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2021

The mechanism of conversion the human sperm basal body to a centrosome after fertilization, and its role in supporting early embryogenesis, has not been directly addressed so far. Using proteomics immunofluorescence studies, we show here that zygote inherits enriched with centrosomal proteins from sperm, establishing first functional new organism. Injection tails containing into oocytes followed by parthenogenetic activation, showed contributes robustness cell divisions, increasing probability parthenotes reaching compaction stage. In absence sperm-derived centrosome, pericentriolar material (PCM) components stored oocyte can form de novo structures genome suggesting tight PCM expression control zygotes. Our results reveal is complex organelle which converts ensuring steps embryogenesis successful compaction. However, more experiments are needed elucidate exact molecular mechanisms inheritance humans.

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling the Kinematics of Sperm Motion by Reconstructing the Flagellar Wave Motion in 3D

Small Methods, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 6(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2022

Abstract Sperm swim through the female reproductive tract by propagating a 3D flagellar wave that is self‐regulatory in nature and driven dynein motors. Traditional microscopy methods fail to capture full dynamics of sperm activity as they only image analyze motility 2D. Here, an automated platform swimming behavior using thin‐lens approximation high‐speed dark field reconstruct waveform presented. It found head‐tethered mouse exhibit rolling beating with frequency 6.2 Hz spectral analysis. The bends 3D, particularly distal regions, but weakly nonplanar ambidextrous nature, local helicity along flagellum fluctuating between clockwise counterclockwise handedness. These findings suggest nonpersistent helicity. This method provides new opportunities for accurate measurement motion eukaryotic flagella cilia which essential biophysical understanding their activation

Язык: Английский

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