The
skeleton
is
a
highly
innervated
organ
in
which
nerve
fibers
interact
with
various
skeletal
cells.
Peripheral
endings
release
neurogenic
factors
and
sense
signals,
mediate
bone
metabolism
pain.
In
recent
years,
tissue
engineering
has
increasingly
focused
on
the
effects
of
nervous
system
regeneration.
Simultaneous
regeneration
nerves
through
use
materials
or
by
enhancement
endogenous
repair
signals
been
proven
to
promote
functional
Additionally,
emerging
information
mechanisms
interoception
central
regulation
homeostasis
provide
an
opportunity
for
advancing
biomaterials.
However,
comprehensive
reviews
this
topic
are
lacking.
Therefore,
review
provides
overview
relationship
between
regeneration,
focusing
applications.
We
discuss
novel
regulatory
explore
innovative
approaches
based
nerve-bone
interactions
Finally,
challenges
future
prospects
field
briefly
discussed.
It
is
known
that
interactions
between
nociceptors
and
dendritic
cells
(DCs)
can
modulate
immune
responses
in
barrier
tissues.
However,
our
understanding
of
the
underlying
communication
frameworks
remains
rudimentary.
Here,
we
show
control
DCs
three
molecularly
distinct
ways.
First,
release
calcitonin
gene-related
peptide
imparts
a
transcriptional
profile
on
steady-state
characterized
by
expression
pro-interleukin-1β
other
genes
implicated
DC
sentinel
functions.
Second,
nociceptor
activation
induces
contact-dependent
calcium
fluxes
membrane
depolarization
enhances
their
production
proinflammatory
cytokines
when
stimulated.
Finally,
nociceptor-derived
chemokine
CCL2
contributes
to
orchestration
DC-dependent
local
inflammation
induction
adaptive
against
skin-acquired
antigens.
Thus,
combined
actions
chemokines,
neuropeptides,
electrical
activity
fine-tune
Abstract
Skeletal
tissue
is
highly
innervated.
Although
different
types
of
nerves
have
been
recently
identified
in
the
bone,
crosstalk
between
bone
and
remains
unclear.
In
this
review,
we
outline
role
peripheral
nervous
system
(PNS)
regeneration
following
injury.
We
first
introduce
conserved
species
ranging
from
amphibians
to
mammals.
then
present
distribution
PNS
skeletal
under
physiological
conditions,
fractures,
or
regeneration.
Furthermore,
summarize
ways
which
communicates
with
bone-lineage
cells,
vasculature,
immune
cells
microenvironment.
Based
on
comprehensive
timely
conclude
that
regulates
through
neuropeptides
neurotransmitters
nerves.
An
in-depth
understanding
roles
will
inform
development
new
strategies
based
bone-nerve
promoting
repair
Chronic
pain
is
a
refractory
health
disease
worldwide
causing
an
enormous
economic
burden
on
individuals
and
society.
Accumulating
evidence
suggests
that
inflammation
in
the
peripheral
nervous
system
(PNS)
central
(CNS)
major
factor
pathogenesis
of
chronic
pain.
The
early-
late
phase
may
have
distinctive
effects
initiation
resolution
pain,
which
can
be
viewed
as
friend
or
foe.
On
one
hand,
painful
injuries
lead
to
activation
glial
cells
immune
PNS,
releasing
pro-inflammatory
mediators,
contribute
sensitization
nociceptors,
leading
pain;
neuroinflammation
CNS
drives
promotes
development
other
macrophages
PNS
promote
via
anti-inflammatory
mediators
specialized
pro-resolving
(SPMs).
In
this
review,
we
provide
overview
current
understanding
deterioration
Further,
summarize
number
novel
strategies
used
prevent
treat
by
controlling
inflammation.
This
comprehensive
view
relationship
between
its
specific
mechanism
will
targets
for
treatment
The
skeleton
is
a
highly
innervated
organ
in
which
nerve
fibers
interact
with
various
skeletal
cells.
Peripheral
endings
release
neurogenic
factors
and
sense
signals,
mediate
bone
metabolism
pain.
In
recent
years,
tissue
engineering
has
increasingly
focused
on
the
effects
of
nervous
system
regeneration.
Simultaneous
regeneration
nerves
through
use
materials
or
by
enhancement
endogenous
repair
signals
been
proven
to
promote
functional
Additionally,
emerging
information
mechanisms
interoception
central
regulation
homeostasis
provide
an
opportunity
for
advancing
biomaterials.
However,
comprehensive
reviews
this
topic
are
lacking.
Therefore,
review
provides
overview
relationship
between
regeneration,
focusing
applications.
We
discuss
novel
regulatory
explore
innovative
approaches
based
nerve-bone
interactions
Finally,
challenges
future
prospects
field
briefly
discussed.
