Microtubule
polymerization
dynamics
result
from
the
biochemical
interactions
of
αβ-tubulin
with
polymer
end,
but
a
quantitative
understanding
has
been
challenging
to
establish.
We
used
interference
reflection
microscopy
make
improved
measurements
microtubule
growth
rates
and
fluctuations
in
presence
absence
GTP
hydrolysis.
In
hydrolysis,
microtubules
grew
steadily
very
low
fluctuations.
These
data
were
best
described
by
computational
model
implementing
slow
assembly
kinetics,
such
that
rate
elongation
is
primarily
limited
associations.
With
GTPase
present,
displayed
substantially
larger
than
expected
based
on
no
measurements.
Our
modeling
showed
these
occurred
because
exposure
GDP-tubulin
end
transiently
'poisoned'
growth,
yielding
wider
range
compared
only
conditions.
experiments
point
association
kinetics
(strong
longitudinal
interactions),
drugs
regulatory
proteins
alter
could
do
so
modulating
either
or
dissociation
tubulin
tip.
By
causing
slower
at
growing
may
be
an
important
early
event
determining
catastrophe.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Июль 5, 2022
Neurons
are
highly
polarized
cells
with
elaborate
shapes
that
allow
them
to
perform
their
function.
In
neurons,
microtubule
organization—length,
density,
and
dynamics—are
essential
for
the
establishment
of
polarity,
growth,
transport.
A
mounting
body
evidence
shows
modulation
cytoskeleton
by
microtubule-associated
proteins
fine
tunes
key
aspects
neuronal
cell
biology.
this
respect,
severing
enzymes—spastin,
katanin
fidgetin—a
group
bind
generate
internal
breaks
in
lattice,
emerging
as
modulators
different
model
systems.
review,
we
provide
an
integrative
view
on
latest
research
demonstrating
role
spastin
specifically
context
axonal
We
focus
function
regulation
organization,
transport,
underlie
its
importance
intricate
control
axon
branching
regeneration.
Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
2022(1), С. 013209 - 013209
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022
We
consider
one-dimensional
systems
comprising
either
active
run-and-tumble
particles
(RTPs)
or
passive
Brownian
random
walkers.
These
are
noninteracting
have
hardcore
exclusions.
study
the
dynamics
of
a
single
tracer
particle
embedded
in
such
system
-
this
may
be
passive,
with
exclusion
from
environmental
particles.
In
an
environment,
both
and
tracers
show
long-time
subdiffusion:
displacements
scale
as
$t^{1/4}$
density-dependent
prefactor
that
is
independent
type,
differs
corresponding
result
for
passive-in-passive
subdiffusion.
environment
particles,
results
recovered
at
low
densities
tracers,
but
transient
caging
effects
slow
motion
higher
densities,
delaying
onset
any
regime.
For
we
find
more
complex
outcomes,
which
depend
on
details
dynamical
discretization
scheme.
interpret
these
by
studying
density
distribution
around
tracer.
particular,
sticking
to
cause
it
move
slowly
than
interacting
environments,
while
anomalous
behaviour
active-in-passive
cases
stems
`snowplough'
effect
whereby
large
pile
diffusive
accumulates
front
RTP
during
ballistic
run.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2022
The
mammalian
cytoskeleton
forms
a
mechanical
continuum
that
spans
across
the
cell,
connecting
cell
surface
to
nucleus
via
transmembrane
protein
complexes
in
plasma
and
nuclear
membranes.
It
transmits
extracellular
forces
interior,
providing
cues
influence
cellular
decisions,
but
also
actively
generates
intracellular
forces,
enabling
probe
remodel
its
tissue
microenvironment.
Cells
adapt
their
gene
expression
profile
morphology
external
provided
by
matrix
adjacent
cells
as
well
cell-intrinsic
changes
cytoplasmic
volume.
is
complex
filamentous
network
of
three
interpenetrating
structural
proteins:
actin,
microtubules,
intermediate
filaments.
Traditionally
actin
considered
main
contributor
mechanosensitivity.
This
view
now
shifting
owing
mounting
evidence
cytoskeletal
filaments
have
interdependent
functions
due
crosstalk,
with
taking
central
role.
In
this
Mini
Review
we
discuss
how
crosstalk
confers
mechanosensitivity
tissues,
particular
focus
on
role
We
propose
composite
structure,
which
regulates
local
stability
organization
all
filament
families
at
sub-cellular
scale,
mechanics
adaptation
scale.
Cancer Biology and Medicine,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
19(6), С. 1 - 28
Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2022
Cancer
has
been
an
insurmountable
problem
in
the
history
of
medical
science.
The
uncontrollable
proliferation
cancer
cells
is
one
cancer’s
main
characteristics,
which
closely
associated
with
abnormal
mitosis.
Targeting
mitosis
effective
method
for
treatment.
This
review
summarizes
several
natural
products
anti-tumor
effects
related
to
mitosis,
focusing
on
targeting
microtubulin,
inducing
DNA
damage,
and
modulating
mitosis-associated
kinases.
Furthermore,
disadvantages
typical
compounds,
including
drug
resistance,
toxicity
non-tumor
tissues,
poor
aqueous
solubility
pharmacokinetic
properties,
are
also
discussed,
together
strategies
address
them.
Improved
understanding
cell
may
pave
way
development
treatment
cancer.
Microtubule
polymerization
dynamics
result
from
the
biochemical
interactions
of
αβ-tubulin
with
polymer
end,
but
a
quantitative
understanding
has
been
challenging
to
establish.
We
used
interference
reflection
microscopy
make
improved
measurements
microtubule
growth
rates
and
fluctuations
in
presence
absence
GTP
hydrolysis.
In
hydrolysis,
microtubules
grew
steadily
very
low
fluctuations.
These
data
were
best
described
by
computational
model
implementing
slow
assembly
kinetics,
such
that
rate
elongation
is
primarily
limited
associations.
With
GTPase
present,
displayed
substantially
larger
than
expected
based
on
no
measurements.
Our
modeling
showed
these
occurred
because
exposure
GDP-tubulin
end
transiently
'poisoned'
growth,
yielding
wider
range
compared
only
conditions.
experiments
point
association
kinetics
(strong
longitudinal
interactions),
drugs
regulatory
proteins
alter
could
do
so
modulating
either
or
dissociation
tubulin
tip.
By
causing
slower
at
growing
may
be
an
important
early
event
determining
catastrophe.
