Broadly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(3), С. 189 - 199

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines increase breadth of neutralization and protect against the BA.5 Omicron variant in mice

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 29(1), С. 247 - 257

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1), С. 175 - 175

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2023

The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease death. Understanding the risk factors is relevant both in setting at epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview host, viral environmental that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized be associated with outcomes. considered detail include age frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, lifestyle patient; variation infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; air pollution. For each category, compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for association factor outcomes (including strength effect) outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss complex interactions between various factors.

Язык: Английский

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Repeated vaccination of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dampens neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants in breakthrough infection

Cell Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(3), С. 258 - 261

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Characterizing Long COVID in Children and Adolescents

JAMA, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 332(14), С. 1174 - 1174

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2024

Most research to understand postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or long COVID, has focused on adults, with less known about this complex condition in children. Research is needed characterize pediatric PASC enable studies underlying mechanisms that will guide future treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Challenges and developments in universal vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2 variants

npj Vaccines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2022

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had become a global concern because its unexpectedly high pathogenicity and transmissibility. SARS-CoV-2 variants that reduce the immune protection elicited from previous vaccination or natural infection raise challenges in controlling spread pandemic. development universal vaccines against these seems to be practical solution alleviate physical economic effects caused by this disease, but it is hard achieve. In review, we describe mutation rate RNA viruses dynamic molecular structures several major neutralizing epitopes, trying answer question why are difficult design. Understanding biological basis evasion crucial for combating obstacles. We then summarize advancements worthy further study, including heterologous prime-boost regimens, construction chimeric immunogens, design protein nanoparticle antigens, utilization conserved epitopes. fact some immunogens can induce cross-reactive responses coronaviruses provides hints vaccine development. hope review provide inspiration current studies.

Язык: Английский

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Human memory B cells show plasticity and adopt multiple fates upon recall response to SARS-CoV-2

Nature Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(6), С. 955 - 965

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2023

Abstract The B cell response to different pathogens uses tailored effector mechanisms and results in functionally specialized memory (B m ) subsets, including CD21 + resting, – CD27 activated cells. interrelatedness between these subsets remains unknown. Here we showed that single severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific clones plasticity upon antigen rechallenge previously exposed individuals. cells were the predominant during infection early after immunization. At months 6 12 post-infection, resting major subset circulation also detected peripheral lymphoid organs, where they carried tissue residency markers. Tracking of individual by receptor sequencing revealed fated could redifferentiate into other cells, demonstrating can adopt trajectories.

Язык: Английский

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Nanoparticle Vaccine Triggers Interferon-Gamma Production and Confers Protective Immunity against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

The swine industry annually suffers significant economic losses caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Because the available commercial vaccines have limited protective efficacy against epidemic PRRSV, there is an urgent need for innovative solutions. Nanoparticle induce robust immune responses become a promising direction in vaccine development. In this study, we designed produced self-assembling nanoparticle derived from thermophilic archaeal ferritin to combat PRRSV. First, multiple T cell epitopes targeting viral structural proteins were identified IFN-γ screening after PRRSV infection. Three different self-assembled nanoparticles with GP3, GP4, GP5 constructed mixed generate FeCocktail vaccine. Experiments showed that effectively activated CD4+ CD8+ cells effector memory mice. Piglets immunized generated specific antibodies exhibited increased levels of PRRSV-specific functional cells. also provided challenge, including mitigation clinical symptoms, reduction loads serum lungs, alleviation lung tissue damage. conclusion, study offers candidate combating affirms utility protein as platform next-generation

Язык: Английский

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Dynamics of spike-specific neutralizing antibodies across five-year emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern reveal conserved epitopes that protect against severe COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025

Since early 2020, several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) continue to emerge, evading waning antibody mediated immunity produced by the current Spike-alone based COVID-19 vaccines. This caused a prolonged and persistent pandemic that is going enter its fifth year. Thus, need remains for innovative next generation vaccines would incorporate protective Spike-derived B-cell epitopes resist immune evasion. Towards goal, in this study we (i) Screened sequences Spike among many VOCs identified conserved non-conserved linear epitopes; (ii) Compared titers neutralization antibodies specific these from serum symptomatic asymptomatic patients were exposed multiple across 5-year pandemic, (iii) efficacy versus against most pathogenic Delta variant "humanized" ACE-2/HLA transgenic mouse model. We found robust epitope-specific sera patients. In contrast, contained weaker responses epitopes. A multi-epitope vaccine incorporated epitopes, but not significantly protected ACE2/HLA mice infection like symptoms variant. These findings underscore importance generating severe various VOCs, providing valuable insights development broad-spectrum Coronavirus capable conferring cross-variant immunity.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 activates the TLR4/MyD88 pathway in human macrophages: A possible correlation with strong pro-inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(11), С. e21893 - e21893

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

BackgroundToll-like receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role in the immunologic response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Exaggerated inflammatory of innate immune cells, however, may drive morbidity and death Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).ObjectiveWe investigated engagement SARS-CoV-2 with TLR4 order better understand how tackle hyperinflammation COVID-19.MethodsWe combined RNA-sequencing data human lung tissue bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells derived from COVID-19 patients functional studies macrophages using spike proteins viable SARS-CoV-2. Pharmacological inhibitors as well gene editing CRISPR/Cas9 were used delineate signalling pathways involved.ResultsWe found be most abundantly upregulated TLR irrespective underlying pathology. Accordingly, showed an NF-κB-pathway dominated response, whereas they mostly defined by type I interferon moderate COVID-19. Mechanistically, we Spike ectodomain, but not receptor binding domain monomer induce TLR4-dependent inflammation macrophages. By pharmacological deleted macrophages, identify engage canonical TLR4-MyD88 signalling. Importantly, demonstrate that blockage prevents exaggerated responses infected different variants, including escape variants B.1.1.7.-E484K B.1.1.529 (omicron).ConclusionOur study critically extends current knowledge on TLR-mediated hyperinflammatory paving way for novel approaches COVID-19.Take-home messageOur combining transcriptomics clearly supports design development - directed therapeutics mitigate

Язык: Английский

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