Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
44(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025
Abstract
Natural
killer
(NK)
play
a
key
role
in
controlling
tumor
dissemination
by
mediating
cytotoxicity
towards
cancer
cells
without
the
need
of
education.
These
are
pivotal
eliminating
circulating
(CTCs)
from
bloodstream,
thus
limiting
spread
and
metastasis.
However,
aggressive
CTCs
can
evade
NK
cell
surveillance,
facilitating
growth
at
distant
sites.
In
this
review,
we
first
discuss
biology
cells,
focusing
on
their
functions
within
microenvironment
(TME),
lymphatic
system,
circulation.
We
then
examine
immune
evasion
mechanisms
employed
to
inhibit
activity,
including
upregulation
inhibitory
receptors.
Finally,
explore
clinical
implications
monitoring
biomarkers,
such
as
CTCs,
for
therapeutic
decision-making
emphasize
enhance
cell-based
therapies
overcoming
escape
mechanisms.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2024
Abstract
Natural
killer
(NK)
cells,
initially
identified
for
their
rapid
virus-infected
and
leukemia
cell
killing
tumor
destruction,
are
pivotal
in
immunity.
They
exhibit
multifaceted
roles
cancer,
viral
infections,
autoimmunity,
pregnancy,
wound
healing,
more.
Derived
from
a
common
lymphoid
progenitor,
they
lack
CD3,
B-cell,
or
T-cell
receptors
but
wield
high
cytotoxicity
via
perforin
granzymes.
NK
cells
orchestrate
immune
responses,
secreting
inflammatory
IFNγ
immunosuppressive
TGFβ
IL-10.
CD56
dim
bright
execute
cytotoxicity,
while
also
regulate
However,
beyond
the
dichotomy,
detailed
phenotypic
diversity
reveals
many
functional
subsets
that
may
not
be
optimal
cancer
immunotherapy.
In
this
review,
we
provide
comprehensive
snapshots
of
cells’
functions
states
activation
inhibitions
angiogenesis,
pregnancy
fertility,
aging,
senescence
mediated
by
complex
signaling
ligand-receptor
interactions,
including
impact
environment.
As
use
engineered
immunotherapy
accelerates,
often
footsteps
T-cell-derived
engineering,
examine
interactions
with
other
effectors
relevant
limitations
microenvironment,
intending
to
understand
how
enhance
cytolytic
activities
specifically
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2024
The
generation
and
maintenance
of
protective
immunity
is
a
dynamic
interplay
between
host
environment
that
impacted
by
age.
Understanding
fundamental
changes
in
the
healthy
immune
system
occur
over
lifespan
critical
developing
interventions
for
age-related
susceptibility
to
infections
diseases.
Here,
we
use
multi-omic
profiling
(scRNA-seq,
proteomics,
flow
cytometry)
examined
human
peripheral
300
adults,
with
96
young
older
adults
followed
two
years
yearly
vaccination.
resulting
resource
includes
scRNA-seq
datasets
>16
million
PBMCs,
interrogating
71
cell
subsets
from
our
new
Immune
Health
Atlas.
This
study
allows
unique
insights
into
composition
transcriptional
state
cells
at
homeostasis,
vaccine
perturbation,
across
We
find
T
specifically
accumulate
more
than
other
cells,
independent
inflammation
chronic
perturbation.
Moreover,
impaired
memory
B
responses
vaccination
are
linked
Th2-like
shift
adults'
CD4
revealing
possible
mechanisms
dysregulation
during
aging.
extensive
provided
suite
exploration
tools
https://apps.allenimmunology.org/aifi/insights/dynamics-imm-health-age/
enhance
data
accessibility
further
understanding
health
Radiation-induced
tissue
injury
(RITI)
is
the
most
common
complication
in
clinical
tumor
radiotherapy.
Due
to
heterogeneity
response
of
different
tissues
radiation
(IR),
radiotherapy
will
cause
types
and
degrees
RITI,
which
greatly
limits
application
Efforts
are
continuously
ongoing
elucidate
molecular
mechanism
RITI
develop
corresponding
prevention
treatment
drugs
for
RITI.
Single-cell
sequencing
(Sc-seq)
has
emerged
as
a
powerful
tool
uncovering
mechanisms
identifying
potential
targets
by
enhancing
our
understanding
complex
intercellular
relationships,
facilitating
identification
novel
cell
phenotypes,
allowing
assessment
spatiotemporal
developmental
trajectories.
Based
on
comprehensive
review
we
analyzed
regulatory
networks
combination
with
Sc-seq
summarized
targeted
intervention
pathways
therapeutic
Deciphering
diverse
underlying
can
shed
light
its
pathogenesis
unveil
new
avenues
potentially
facilitate
repair
or
regeneration
currently
irreversible
Furthermore,
discuss
how
personalized
strategies
based
offer
promise
mitigating
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(2), С. 555 - 555
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Jun/JUN
is
a
basic
leucine
zipper
(bZIP)
protein
and
prototypic
member
of
the
activator
protein-1
(AP-1)
family
transcription
factors
that
can
act
as
homo-
or
heterodimers,
interact
with
DNA
elements
co-factors,
regulate
gene
transcription.
Jun
expressed
by
both
immune
inflammatory
cells.
traditionally
seen
an
oncoprotein
regulates
processes
involved
in
transformation
oncogenesis
human
tumours.
This
article
examines
traditional
view
plays
permissive
role
cancer
development
progression,
whilst
exploring
emerging
evidence
supporting
Jun’s
potential
to
prevent
cell
exhaustion
promote
anti-tumour
efficacy.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Acute
myeloid
leukemia
(AML)
is
a
rare
haematological
cancer
with
poor
5-years
overall
survival
(OS)
and
high
relapse
rate.
Leukemic
cells
are
sensitive
to
Natural
Killer
(NK)
cell
mediated
killing.
However,
NK
highly
impaired
in
AML,
which
promote
AML
immune
escape
from
surveillance.
We
made
the
first
report
of
CD56neg
CD16+
expansion
AML.
This
unconventional
subset
has
been
reported
expand
some
chronic
viral
infections.
Although
it
unclear
whether
mechanism
common
across
diseases,
seems
more
relevant
than
ever
further
investigate
this
subset,
representing
potential
therapeutic
target.
used
PBMCs
patients
HV
perform
mass
cytometry,
spectral
flow
bulk
RNA-seq
vitro
assays
order
better
characterize
that
confirmed
represent
unique
coexpressing
Eomes
T-bet.
could
recover
CD56
expression
where
they
displayed
unaltered
functions.
previously
demonstrated
at
diagnosis
was
associated
adverse
clinical
outcome
Here,
we
validated
our
findings
validation
cohort
N=38
patients.
had
decreased
(HR[CI95]=5.5[1.2-24.5],
p=0.0251)
relapse-free
(HR[CI95]=13.1[1.9-87.5],
p=0.0079)
compared
without
after
36
months
follow-up.
unveiled
were
mature
circulating
functional
capacities.
Upon
expansion,
showed
altered
proteomic
phenotype,
increased
frequency
terminally
expressing
TIGIT
along
Siglec-7+
cells.
Taken
together,
results
suggest
harness
cytotoxic
restore
anti-tumor
response
improve
patients'
prognosis.
To
conclude,
target
for
future
NK-cell-based
immunotherapies
