The gut microbiota–brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 19(4), С. 241 - 255

Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The gut microbiome in neurological disorders

The Lancet Neurology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 19(2), С. 179 - 194

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(6), С. 2099 - 2099

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2021

Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is important in the regulation of brain activity and cognitive functions. Microbes mediate communication among metabolic, peripheral immune, central nervous systems via microbiota–gut–brain axis. However, it not well understood how microbiome neurons mutually interact or these interactions affect normal functioning cognition. We summarize mechanisms whereby regulate production, transportation, neurotransmitters. also discuss dysbiosis affects function, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease.

Язык: Английский

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The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 172, С. 105840 - 105840

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2021

Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota play a crucial role in bidirectional communication between and brain suggesting microbes may shape neural development, modulate neurotransmission affect behavior, thereby contribute to pathogenesis and/or progression of many neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, neurological conditions. This review summarizes recent data on microbiota-gut-brain axis pathophysiology neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, migraine, epilepsy. Also, involvement co-existing with conditions is highlighted. We discuss from both vivo preclinical experiments clinical reports including: (1) studies germ-free animals, (2) exploring composition animal models diseases or humans, (3) evaluating effects probiotic, prebiotic antibiotic treatment as well (4) fecal transplantation.

Язык: Английский

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Interaction of the microbiota with the human body in health and diseases

Bioscience of Microbiota Food and Health, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 39(2), С. 23 - 32

Опубликована: Дек. 24, 2019

The human body contains many microorganisms, including a large number of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, which are referred to as the microbiota. Compared with cells comprising body, that microbiota has been found be much larger. microbiome is defined microorganisms their genomes have shown contain about 100 times more genes than genome. affects vital functions in body. It contributes regulation immune system, digestion food, production vitamins such B12 K, metabolization xenobiotic materials, other tasks. Many factors affect biodiversity, diet, medicines antibiotics, relationships environment, pregnancy, age. Studies lack diversity leads diseases like autoimmune diabetes type I, rheumatism, muscular dystrophy, problems blood coagulation due vitamin disturbances transfer nerve B12, addition its involvement conditions cancer, memory disorders, depression, stress, autism, Alzheimer’s disease. aim this review summarize latest studies discussing relationship between health diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Neurological Disorders

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10

Опубликована: Март 24, 2020

Background Several studies suggested an important role of the gut microbiota in pathophysiology neurological disorders, implying that alteration might serve as a treatment strategy. Fecal transplantation (FMT) is currently most effective intervention and accepted for recurrent Clostridioioides difficile infections. To evaluate indications FMT patients with we summarized available literature on FMT. In addition, provide suggestions future directions. Methods July 2019, five main databases were searched case descriptions disorders humans or animal models. ClinicalTrials.gov website was consulted registered planned ongoing trials. Results Of 541 identified studies, 34 included analysis. Clinical trials have been performed autism spectrum disorder showed beneficial effects symptoms. For multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease, several positive effect FMT, supported by some reports humans. epilepsy, Tourette syndrome, diabetic neuropathy but evidence restricted to limited numbers studies. stroke, Alzheimer's disease Guillain-Barré syndrome only models identified. These potential healthy donor contrast, one study model stroke increased mortality after Whether findings from can be confirmed human diseases awaits seen. above mentioned are ongoing, well amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Conclusions Preliminary suggests may promising option disorders. However, still scanty contrasting results observed. Limited while experiments conducted. Large double-blinded randomized controlled needed further elucidate

Язык: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 35(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022

The human body is full of an extensive number commensal microbes, consisting bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the microbiome. initial acquisition microbiota occurs from both external maternal environments, vast majority them colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These microbial communities play a central role in maturation development immune system, nervous GIT system are also responsible for essential metabolic pathways. Various factors, including host genetic predisposition, environmental lifestyle, diet, antibiotic or nonantibiotic drug use, etc., affect composition gut microbiota. Recent publications have highlighted that imbalance microflora, known as dysbiosis, associated with onset progression neurological disorders. Moreover, characterization microbiome-host cross talk pathways provides insight into novel therapeutic strategies. Novel preclinical clinical research on interventions related to microbiome treating conditions, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's epilepsy, stroke, hold significant promise. This review aims present comprehensive overview potential involvement pathogenesis particular emphasis microbe-based therapies and/or diagnostic biomarkers. discusses health benefits administration probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics fecal transplantation

Язык: Английский

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The evolution of the use of faecal microbiota transplantation and emerging therapeutic indications

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 394(10196), С. 420 - 431

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Microbiomes as sources of emergent host phenotypes

Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 365(6460), С. 1405 - 1409

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2019

Microbial communities associated with animals exert powerful influences on host physiology, regulating metabolism and immune function, as well complex behaviors. The importance of host–microbiome interactions for maintaining homeostasis promoting health raises evolutionarily complicated questions about how their microbiomes have coevolved, these relationships affect the ways that interact environment. Here, we review literature contributions factors to microbial community structure corresponding emergent phenotypes. We focus in particular animal behaviors a basis understanding potential roles microbiome shaping neurobiology.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome diversity is associated with sleep physiology in humans

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 14(10), С. e0222394 - e0222394

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2019

The human gut microbiome can influence health through the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Growing evidence suggests that sleep quality. Previous studies have examined deprivation and yielded conflicting results. A recent study found leads to changes in composition while a different does not lead microbiome. Accordingly, relationship between physiology remains unclear. To address this uncertainty, we used actigraphy quantify measures coupled with sampling determine how correlates various of physiology. We measured immune system biomarkers carried out neurobehavioral assessment as these variables might modify composition. total diversity was positively correlated increased efficiency time, negatively wake after onset. positive correlations interleukin-6, cytokine previously noted for its effects on sleep. Analysis revealed within phyla richness Bacteroidetes Firmicutes were efficiency, interleukin-6 concentrations abstract thinking. Finally, several taxa (Lachnospiraceae, Corynebacterium, Blautia) measures. Our findings initiate linkages composition, physiology, cognition. They may mechanisms improve manipulation

Язык: Английский

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