Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
121(49)
Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2024
Erectile
dysfunction
(ED)
is
a
major
threat
to
male
fertility
and
quality
of
life,
mesenchymal
stromal
cells
(MSCs)
are
promising
therapeutic
option.
However,
outcomes
compromised
by
low
MSC
retention
survival
rates
in
corpus
cavernosum
tissue.
Here,
we
developed
an
innovative
magnetic
soft
microrobot
comprising
ultrasoft
hydrogel
microsphere
embedded
with
nanoparticle
chain
for
delivery.
This
design
also
features
phenylboronic
acid
groups
scavenging
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS).
With
Young’s
modulus
less
than
1
kPa,
the
adapts
its
shape
within
narrow
blood
vessels,
ensuring
uniform
distribution
MSCs
cavernosum.
Our
findings
showed
that
compared
traditional
injections,
delivery
(MSC-Rob)
significantly
enhanced
survival.
In
both
rat
beagle
ED
models,
MSC-Rob
treatment
accelerated
repair
tissue
restored
erectile
function.
Single-cell
RNA
sequencing
(scRNA-seq)
revealed
facilitates
nerve
vessel
regeneration
increasing
presence
regenerative
macrophages.
Overall,
our
not
only
advances
clinical
application
therapy
but
broadens
scope
microrobots
other
cell
therapies.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
53(18), С. 9190 - 9253
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Autonomous
micro/nanorobots
capable
of
performing
programmed
missions
are
at
the
forefront
next-generation
micromachinery.
These
small
robotic
systems
predominantly
constructed
using
functional
components
sourced
from
micro-
and
nanoscale
materials;
therefore,
combining
them
with
various
advanced
materials
represents
a
pivotal
direction
toward
achieving
higher
level
intelligence
multifunctionality.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
for
innovative
micro/nanorobotics,
focusing
on
five
families
that
have
witnessed
most
rapid
advancements
over
last
decade:
two-dimensional
materials,
metal-organic
frameworks,
semiconductors,
polymers,
biological
cells.
Their
unique
physicochemical,
mechanical,
optical,
properties
been
integrated
into
to
achieve
greater
maneuverability,
programmability,
intelligence,
multifunctionality
in
collective
behaviors.
The
design
fabrication
methods
hybrid
discussed
based
material
categories.
In
addition,
their
promising
potential
powering
motion
and/or
(multi-)functionality
is
described
fundamental
principles
underlying
explained.
Finally,
extensive
use
variety
applications,
including
environmental
remediation,
(bio)sensing,
therapeutics,
Bioactive Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
39, С. 163 - 190
Опубликована: Май 21, 2024
Oral
administration
is
the
most
simple,
noninvasive,
convenient
treatment.
With
increasing
demands
on
targeted
drug
delivery,
traditional
oral
treatment
now
facing
some
challenges:
1)
biologics
how
to
implement
and
ensure
bioavailability
not
lower
than
subcutaneous
injections;
2)
How
achieve
therapy
of
drugs
in
gastrointestinal
tract?
Based
these
two
issues,
delivery
microrobots
have
shown
great
application
prospect
due
their
characteristics
flexible
locomotion
or
driven
ability.
Therefore,
this
paper
summarizes
various
developed
recent
years
divides
them
into
four
categories
according
different
driving
modes:
magnetic-controlled
microrobots,
anchored
self-propelled
biohybrid
microrobots.
As
involve
disciplines
such
as
materials
science,
mechanical
engineering,
medicine,
control
systems,
begins
by
introducing
barriers
that
must
overcome.
Subsequently,
it
provides
an
overview
typical
involved
design
process
To
enhance
readers'
understanding
working
principles
we
present
a
guideline
for
designing
Furthermore,
current
development
status
types
reviewed,
summarizing
respective
advantages
limitations.
Finally,
considering
significant
concerns
regarding
safety
clinical
translation,
discuss
challenges
prospections
translation
presented
paper,
providing
corresponding
suggestions
addressing
existing
challenges.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
124(20), С. 11585 - 11636
Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2024
Soft
robotics
presents
innovative
solutions
across
different
scales.
The
flexibility
and
mechanical
characteristics
of
soft
robots
make
them
particularly
appealing
for
wearable
implantable
applications.
scale
level
invasiveness
required
depend
on
the
extent
human
interaction.
This
review
provides
a
comprehensive
overview
robots,
including
applications
in
rehabilitation,
assistance,
organ
simulation,
surgical
tools,
therapy.
We
discuss
challenges
such
as
complexity
fabrication
processes,
integration
responsive
materials,
need
robust
control
strategies,
while
focusing
advances
actuation
sensing
mechanisms,
techniques.
Finally,
we
future
outlook,
highlighting
key
proposing
potential
solutions.
Biomarker Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2024
Lung
cancer
leads
in
causing
cancer-related
mortality
worldwide,
continually
posing
a
significant
threat
to
human
health.
Current
imaging
diagnostic
techniques,
while
offering
non-invasive
detection,
suffer
from
issues
such
as
insufficient
sensitivity
and
the
risks
associated
with
radiation
exposure.
Pathological
diagnosis,
gold
standard
for
confirmation,
also
faces
challenges
like
invasiveness
high
costs.
In
treatment,
surgery,
radiotherapy,
chemotherapy
are
main
modalities,
each
encountering
related
precision,
environmental
adaptability,
side
effects.
Nanotechnology's
advancement
provides
new
solutions
diagnosis
treatment
of
lung
cancer,
promising
enhance
accuracy
reduce
effects
during
treatment.
This
article
introduces
types
nanomaterials
used
field
comprehensive
overview
current
research
on
application
nanotechnology
early
screening,
monitoring
summarizing
ongoing
clinical
findings.
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025
The
advent
of
autonomous
nanomotors
presents
exciting
opportunities
for
nanodrug
delivery.
However,
significant
potential
remains
enhancing
the
asymmetry
and
advancing
development
second
near-infrared
(NIR-II)
light-propelled
capable
operating
within
deep
tissues.
Herein,
we
developed
a
dual-ligand
assisted
anisotropic
assembly
strategy
that
enables
precise
regulation
interfacial
energy
between
selenium
(Se)
nanoparticle
periodic
mesoporous
organosilica
(PMO).
This
facilitates
controllable
growth
PMO
on
Se
nanoparticle,
leading
to
formation
Se&PMO
Janus
nanohybrids.
exposure
ratio
subunit
nanohybrids
can
be
finely
tuned
from
0%
75%.
Leveraging
transformability
subunit,
variety
functional
MxSe&PMO
nanocomposites
(MxSe
denotes
metal
selenide)
were
further
derived.
As
proof
concept,
CuSe&PMO
nanohybrids,
with
NIR-II
photothermal
properties,
employed
as
light-driven
nanomotors.
By
precisely
controlling
CuSe
nanostructure,
these
achieved
optimal
self-propulsion,
thus
cellular
uptake
promoting
tumor
penetration.
Furthermore,
high
loading
capacity
hydrophobic
framework
enabled
incorporation
disulfiram,
thereby
significantly
boosting
efficacy
synergistic
active-motion
therapy.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 13, 2025
Micro/Nanorobots(MNRs)integrated
with
phototherapy
represent
an
emerging
approach
to
cancer
treatment
and
hold
significant
potential
for
addressing
bacterial
infections,
neurological
disorders,
cardiovascular
diseases,
related
conditions.
By
leveraging
micro/nanoscale
motor
systems
in
conjunction
phototherapy,
these
robots
enable
real-time
guidance
monitoring
of
therapeutic
processes,
improving
drug
delivery
precision
efficiency.
This
integration
not
only
enhances
the
effectiveness
but
also
minimizes
damage
surrounding
healthy
tissues.
Nevertheless,
clinical
translation
MNRs-assisted
still
faces
numerous
challenges.
In
this
review,
recent
key
developments
field
are
comprehensively
summarized,
critical
roles
applications
highlighted,
insights
into
future
directions
pathway
toward
large-scale
implementation
provided.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 31, 2025
Sensorimotor
functions,
the
seamless
integration
of
sensing,
decision-making,
and
actuation,
are
fundamental
for
robots
to
interact
with
their
environments.
Inspired
by
biological
systems,
incorporation
soft
materials
devices
into
robotics
holds
significant
promise
enhancing
these
functions.
However,
current
systems
often
lack
autonomy
intelligence
observed
in
nature
due
limited
sensorimotor
integration,
particularly
flexible
sensing
actuation.
As
field
progresses
toward
soft,
flexible,
stretchable
materials,
developing
such
becomes
increasingly
critical
advanced
robotics.
Despite
rapid
advancements
individually
devices,
combined
applications
enable
capabilities
emerging.
This
review
addresses
this
emerging
providing
a
comprehensive
overview
that
functions
robots.
We
delve
latest
development
technologies,
actuation
mechanism,
structural
designs,
fabrication
techniques.
Additionally,
we
explore
strategies
control,
artificial
(AI),
practical
application
across
various
domains
as
healthcare,
augmented
virtual
reality,
exploration.
By
drawing
parallels
aims
guide
future
research
robots,
ultimately
adaptability
unstructured
Miniature
robots
are
increasingly
used
in
unstructured
environments
and
require
higher
mobility,
robustness,
multifunctionality.
However,
existing
purely
soft
rigid
designs
suffer
from
inherent
defects,
such
as
low
load
capacity
compliance,
respectively,
restricting
their
functionality
performance.
Here,
we
report
new
soft-rigid
hybrid
miniature
applying
the
tensegrity
principle,
inspired
by
biological
organisms'
remarkable
multifunctionality
through
micro-structures.
The
robot's
speed
of
25.07
body
lengths
per
second
is
advanced
among
published
robots.
design
versatility
demonstrated
constructing
three
bio-inspired
using
joints.
Due
to
its
internal
load-transfer
mechanisms,
robot
has
self-adaptability,
deformability,
high
impact
resistance
(withstand
dynamic
143,868
times
weight),
enabling
navigate
diverse
barriers,
pipelines,
channels.
can
vary
stiffness
greatly
improve
motion
We
further
demonstrate
potential
biomedical
applications,
drug
delivery,
impurity
removal,
remote
heating
achieved
integrating
metal
into
robot.
Responsive
materials
exhibit
intelligence
through
their
intrinsic
ability
to
autonomously
sense
and
respond
external
stimuli.
These
have
the
potential
form
robotic
swarms
characterized
by
high
flexibility,
robust
scalability,
fault
tolerance.
Among
various
responsive
materials,
hydrogels
liquid
crystalline
polymers
are
particularly
advantageous
due
capability
for
reversible
morphological
transformations
in
response
stimuli,
including
light,
heat,
electric
field,
magnetic
field.
While
numerous
reviews
summarized
swarm
robotics,
a
comprehensive
analysis
of
aggregation
behaviors
hydrogel-
crystal-based
polymer
systems
remains
lacking.
This
review
addresses
this
gap
examining
(sub)millimeter-scale
robots,
fundamental
mechanical
properties
following
assembly,
respective
advantages
limitations
these
robotics.
Additionally,
future
research
directions
emerging
field
discussed.
