Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 120(12), С. 5682 - 5744

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2020

The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains bonded atoms, is fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as uniquely situated the periodic table to form kinetically stable compounds often with chemically N–N bonds but which are thermodynamically unstable that formation multiply N2 usually preferable. This unique placement makes for development high-energy-density materials, including explosives defense construction purposes, well propellants missile propulsion space exploration. review, designed a audience, describes foundational subjects, methods, metrics relevant energetic materials community provides an overview important classes ranging from theoretical investigation hypothetical practical application real-world materials. review intended provide detailed insight into synthesis decomposition such knowledge science new most chemists.

Язык: Английский

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Nitrogen-Rich Tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine: Promising Building Block for Advanced Energetic Materials

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 142(7), С. 3652 - 3657

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2020

Two metal-free explosives, tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine-containing molecules [6-azido-8-nitrotetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine-7-amine (3at) and 8-nitrotetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine-6,7-diamine (6)], were obtained via straightforward two-step synthetic routes from commercially available reagents. Compound 3at displays an excellent detonation performance (Dv = 8746 m s–1 P 31.5 GPa) that is superior to commercial primary explosives such as lead azide diazodinitrophenol (DDNP). 6 has thermal stability, remarkable insensitivity, good performance, strongly suggesting it acceptable secondary explosive. The initiating ability of compound been tested by detonating 500 mg RDX with a surprisingly low minimum charge 40 mg. extraordinary power surpasses conventional DDNP (70 mg) reported 6-nitro-7-azido-pyrazol[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazine-2-oxide (ICM-103) (60 mg). outstanding contributes its future prospects promising green In addition, the environmentally benign methodology for synthesis effectively shortens time laboratory-scale research practical applications.

Язык: Английский

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Tunable Dimroth rearrangement of versatile 1,2,3-triazoles towards high-performance energetic materials

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(20), С. 12291 - 12298

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

A highly efficient strategy of two different types nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic compounds, featuring a single NH-bridge (–NH–) and fused ring, was demonstrated by virtue Dimroth rearrangement reactions.

Язык: Английский

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Introduction of energetic bis-1,2,4-triazoles bridges: A strategy towards advanced heat resistant explosives

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 429, С. 132416 - 132416

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2021

Язык: Английский

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[1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine as a building block towards low-sensitivity high-energy materials

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 421, С. 129635 - 129635

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2021

Язык: Английский

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An Efficient One-Step Reaction for the Preparation of Advanced Fused Bistetrazole-Based Primary Explosives

ACS Central Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(4), С. 742 - 747

Опубликована: Март 16, 2023

The first example of [5,6,5]-tricyclic bistetrazole-fused energetic materials has been obtained through a one-step reaction from commercial and inexpensive 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine. This including nucleophilic substitution, addition, cyclization, electron transfer is rarely reported, the mechanism scope well investigated. Among target compounds, organic salts exhibit higher detonation velocities (D: 8898-9077 m s-1) lower sensitivities (IS: 16-20 J) than traditional high energy explosive RDX (D = 8795 s-1; IS 7.5 J). In potassium salt 5-azido-10-nitro-bis(tetrazolo)[1,5-c:5',1'-f]pyrimidin (DTAT-K) possesses excellent priming ability, comparable to primary Pb(N3)2, ultralow minimum charge (MPC 10 mg), which lowest MPC among reported potassium-based explosives. simple synthesis route, free heavy metal expensive raw materials, makes it promising quickly realize this material in large-scale industrial production as green explosive. work accelerates upgrade explosives enriches future prospects for design materials.

Язык: Английский

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Trinitromethyl Energetic Groups Enhance High Heats of Detonation

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(3), С. 4144 - 4151

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2023

The introduction of groups with high enthalpies formation can effectively improve the detonation performance compounds. A series novel energetic compounds (10-13) formation, density, and nitrogen-oxygen content were designed synthesized by combining gem-polynitromethyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, furoxan, azo groups. All new thoroughly characterized IR, NMR, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry. Compounds 10 11 also further single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound has density (1.93 g cm-3), enthalpy (993.5 kJ mol-1), velocity (9411 m s-1), heat (6889 kg-1) is a potentially excellent secondary explosive.

Язык: Английский

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Construction of p-nitropyrazole-1,3,4-triazole framework energetic compounds: towards a series of high-performance heat-resistant explosives

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(23), С. 12043 - 12051

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

In this study, a series of explosives based on the DPT framework were synthesized. Among all compounds, DPTO, DPPT, DPBT and PBPT exhibit excellent thermal stabilities with T d over 300 °C, while their detonation velocity exceeds 8700 m s −1 .

Язык: Английский

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Construction and Modification of Nitrogen-Rich Polycyclic Frameworks: A Promising Fused Tricyclic Host–Guest Energetic Material with Heat Resistance, High Energy, and Low Sensitivity

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(27), С. 35232 - 35244

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024

The construction and modification of novel energetic frameworks to achieve an ideal balance between high energy density good stability are a continuous pursuit for researchers. In this work, fused [5,6,5]-tricyclic framework was utilized as the host encapsulate oxidant molecules first time. A series new pyridazine-based [5,6] [5,6,5] polycyclic nitrogen-rich skeletons their derivatives were designed synthesized. Two strategies, amino oxidation host-guest inclusion, used modify skeleton in only one step. All compounds exhibit comprehensive properties (

Язык: Английский

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Energetic compounds based on a new fused triazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine ring: Nitroimino lights up energetic performance

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 420, С. 129839 - 129839

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2021

Язык: Английский

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