Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 120(12), P. 5682 - 5744

Published: June 16, 2020

The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains bonded atoms, is fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as uniquely situated the periodic table to form kinetically stable compounds often with chemically N–N bonds but which are thermodynamically unstable that formation multiply N2 usually preferable. This unique placement makes for development high-energy-density materials, including explosives defense construction purposes, well propellants missile propulsion space exploration. review, designed a audience, describes foundational subjects, methods, metrics relevant energetic materials community provides an overview important classes ranging from theoretical investigation hypothetical practical application real-world materials. review intended provide detailed insight into synthesis decomposition such knowledge science new most chemists.

Language: Английский

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Nitrogen-Rich Tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine: Promising Building Block for Advanced Energetic Materials

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 142(7), P. 3652 - 3657

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

Two metal-free explosives, tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine-containing molecules [6-azido-8-nitrotetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine-7-amine (3at) and 8-nitrotetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine-6,7-diamine (6)], were obtained via straightforward two-step synthetic routes from commercially available reagents. Compound 3at displays an excellent detonation performance (Dv = 8746 m s–1 P 31.5 GPa) that is superior to commercial primary explosives such as lead azide diazodinitrophenol (DDNP). 6 has thermal stability, remarkable insensitivity, good performance, strongly suggesting it acceptable secondary explosive. The initiating ability of compound been tested by detonating 500 mg RDX with a surprisingly low minimum charge 40 mg. extraordinary power surpasses conventional DDNP (70 mg) reported 6-nitro-7-azido-pyrazol[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazine-2-oxide (ICM-103) (60 mg). outstanding contributes its future prospects promising green In addition, the environmentally benign methodology for synthesis effectively shortens time laboratory-scale research practical applications.

Language: Английский

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Tunable Dimroth rearrangement of versatile 1,2,3-triazoles towards high-performance energetic materials

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(20), P. 12291 - 12298

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

A highly efficient strategy of two different types nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic compounds, featuring a single NH-bridge (–NH–) and fused ring, was demonstrated by virtue Dimroth rearrangement reactions.

Language: Английский

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Introduction of energetic bis-1,2,4-triazoles bridges: A strategy towards advanced heat resistant explosives

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 429, P. 132416 - 132416

Published: Sept. 13, 2021

Language: Английский

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[1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine as a building block towards low-sensitivity high-energy materials

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 421, P. 129635 - 129635

Published: April 5, 2021

Language: Английский

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An Efficient One-Step Reaction for the Preparation of Advanced Fused Bistetrazole-Based Primary Explosives

ACS Central Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 742 - 747

Published: March 16, 2023

The first example of [5,6,5]-tricyclic bistetrazole-fused energetic materials has been obtained through a one-step reaction from commercial and inexpensive 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine. This including nucleophilic substitution, addition, cyclization, electron transfer is rarely reported, the mechanism scope well investigated. Among target compounds, organic salts exhibit higher detonation velocities (D: 8898-9077 m s-1) lower sensitivities (IS: 16-20 J) than traditional high energy explosive RDX (D = 8795 s-1; IS 7.5 J). In potassium salt 5-azido-10-nitro-bis(tetrazolo)[1,5-c:5',1'-f]pyrimidin (DTAT-K) possesses excellent priming ability, comparable to primary Pb(N3)2, ultralow minimum charge (MPC 10 mg), which lowest MPC among reported potassium-based explosives. simple synthesis route, free heavy metal expensive raw materials, makes it promising quickly realize this material in large-scale industrial production as green explosive. work accelerates upgrade explosives enriches future prospects for design materials.

Language: Английский

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Construction of p-nitropyrazole-1,3,4-triazole framework energetic compounds: towards a series of high-performance heat-resistant explosives

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(23), P. 12043 - 12051

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

In this study, a series of explosives based on the DPT framework were synthesized. Among all compounds, DPTO, DPPT, DPBT and PBPT exhibit excellent thermal stabilities with T d over 300 °C, while their detonation velocity exceeds 8700 m s −1 .

Language: Английский

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Trinitromethyl Energetic Groups Enhance High Heats of Detonation

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 4144 - 4151

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

The introduction of groups with high enthalpies formation can effectively improve the detonation performance compounds. A series novel energetic compounds (10-13) formation, density, and nitrogen-oxygen content were designed synthesized by combining gem-polynitromethyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, furoxan, azo groups. All new thoroughly characterized IR, NMR, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry. Compounds 10 11 also further single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound has density (1.93 g cm-3), enthalpy (993.5 kJ mol-1), velocity (9411 m s-1), heat (6889 kg-1) is a potentially excellent secondary explosive.

Language: Английский

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Construction and Modification of Nitrogen-Rich Polycyclic Frameworks: A Promising Fused Tricyclic Host–Guest Energetic Material with Heat Resistance, High Energy, and Low Sensitivity

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(27), P. 35232 - 35244

Published: June 25, 2024

The construction and modification of novel energetic frameworks to achieve an ideal balance between high energy density good stability are a continuous pursuit for researchers. In this work, fused [5,6,5]-tricyclic framework was utilized as the host encapsulate oxidant molecules first time. A series new pyridazine-based [5,6] [5,6,5] polycyclic nitrogen-rich skeletons their derivatives were designed synthesized. Two strategies, amino oxidation host-guest inclusion, used modify skeleton in only one step. All compounds exhibit comprehensive properties (

Language: Английский

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A high density and insensitive fused [1,2,3]triazolo–pyrimidine energetic material

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 404, P. 126514 - 126514

Published: Aug. 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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