Small molecule metabolites: discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Март 20, 2023

Metabolic abnormalities lead to the dysfunction of metabolic pathways and metabolite accumulation or deficiency which is well-recognized hallmarks diseases. Metabolite signatures that have close proximity subject's phenotypic informative dimension, are useful for predicting diagnosis prognosis diseases as well monitoring treatments. The lack early biomarkers could poor serious outcomes. Therefore, noninvasive methods with high specificity selectivity desperately needed. Small molecule metabolites-based metabolomics has become a specialized tool biomarker pathway analysis, revealing possible mechanisms human various deciphering therapeutic potentials. It help identify functional related variation delineate biochemical changes indicators pathological damage prior disease development. Recently, scientists established large number profiles reveal underlying networks target exploration in biomedicine. This review summarized analysis on potential value small-molecule candidate metabolites clinical events, may better diagnosis, prognosis, drug screening treatment. We also discuss challenges need be addressed fuel next wave breakthroughs.

Язык: Английский

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Targeting gut microbiota and metabolism as the major probiotic mechanism - An evidence-based review

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 138, С. 178 - 198

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2023

The human gut hosts complex microbial communities, which are linked to health and disease. microbiota is continuously reshaped by multiple environmental factors, especially diet. Gut dysbiosis may promote various metabolic, neurological, intestinal, cardiovascular diseases, even tumor development. Probiotics have shown promising prophylactic, mitigating, or curative effects when use as nutrient supplements adjunctive therapy. These beneficial and/or symptom alleviation often accompanied microbiome metabolome changes. Differing from other published review articles, here we summarized the latest knowledge of evidence-based health-promoting probiotics scouring literature recent animal probiotic intervention studies. To elucidate mechanisms in enhancing intestinal homeostasis, barrier function, host immunity, through modulating its metabolites. Meanwhile, also discussed challenges data analysis clinical research comparison between laboratories, provides an outlook for future perspectives applications probiotics. achieved modulation. Current discussed. Finally, provided.

Язык: Английский

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Intratumoural microbiota: a new frontier in cancer development and therapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2024

Abstract Human microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, play key roles in several physiological pathological processes. Some studies discovered that tumour tissues once considered sterile actually host a variety of which have been confirmed to be closely related oncogenesis. The concept intratumoural microbiota was subsequently proposed. Microbiota could colonise through mucosal destruction, adjacent tissue migration, hematogenic invasion affect the biological behaviour tumours as an important part microenvironment. Mechanistic demonstrated potentially promote initiation progression by inducing genomic instability mutations, affecting epigenetic modifications, promoting inflammation response, avoiding immune regulating metabolism, activating metastasis. Since more comprehensive profound insights about intratumoral are continuously emerging, new methods for early diagnosis prognostic assessment cancer patients under examination. In addition, interventions based on show great potential open chapter antitumour therapy, especially immunotherapy, although there some inevitable challenges. Here, we aim provide extensive review concept, development history, sources, heterogeneity, carcinogenic mechanisms explore role microorganisms prognosis, discuss current treatment regimens target research prospects limitations this field.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Probiotics on Gut Microbiota: An Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(11), С. 6022 - 6022

Опубликована: Май 30, 2024

The role of probiotics in regulating intestinal flora to enhance host immunity has recently received widespread attention. Altering the human gut microbiota may increase predisposition several disease phenotypes such as inflammation and metabolic disorders. converts dietary nutrients into metabolites that serve biologically active molecules modulating regulatory functions host. Probiotics, which are microorganisms, play a versatile restoring composition microbiota, helping improve prevent phenotypes. This comprehensive review provides firsthand information on their influence health, effects diet how alter function along with corresponding building healthy intestine. We also discuss implications some most important diseases. In summary, significant boosting overall immunity, increasing abundance beneficial bacteria, ameliorate symptoms multiple

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Epigenetic Alterations in Metabolic Diseases

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(8), С. 985 - 985

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2024

Gut dysbiosis, resulting from an imbalance in the gut microbiome, can induce excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to inflammation, DNA damage, activation immune system, and epigenetic alterations critical genes involved metabolic pathways. dysbiosis-induced inflammation also disrupt barrier integrity increase intestinal permeability, which allows gut-derived toxic products enter liver systemic circulation, further triggering oxidative stress, associated with diseases. However, specific metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactate, vitamins, modulate stress system through mechanisms, thereby improving function. microbiota diet-induced diseases, obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, transfer next generation, involving mechanisms. In this review, we will introduce key that, along dysbiosis ROS, are engaged developing Finally, discuss potential therapeutic interventions dietary modifications, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, fecal transplantation, may reduce syndrome by altering alterations. summary, review highlights crucial role pathogenesis a particular focus on (including histone methylomics, RNA interference) that prevent or improve

Язык: Английский

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Distribution and roles of Ligilactobacillus murinus in hosts

Microbiological Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 282, С. 127648 - 127648

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Effects of short-chain fatty acid-butyrate supplementation on expression of circadian-clock genes, sleep quality, and inflammation in patients with active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Lipids in Health and Disease, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2024

Abstract Background The regulation of the circadian clock genes, which coordinate activity immune system, is disturbed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Emerging evidence suggests that butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by gut microbiota involved responses as well circadian-clock genes. This study was conducted to investigate effects sodium-butyrate supplementation on expression inflammation, sleep and life quality active ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Methods In current randomized placebo-controlled trial, 36 UC patients were randomly divided receive (600 mg/kg) or placebo for 12-weeks. this genes (CRY1, CRY2, PER1, PER2, BMAl1 CLOCK) assessed real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) whole blood. Gene changes presented fold (2^-ΔΔCT) relative baseline. faecal calprotectin serum level high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELIZA). Moreover, IBD (QoL) Pittsburgh index (PSQI) questionnaire-9 (IBDQ-9) respectively before after intervention. Results results showed comparison with significantly decreased (-133.82 ± 155.62 vs. 51.58 95.57, P -value < 0.001) hs-CRP (-0.36 (-1.57, -0.05) 0.48 (-0.09-4.77), upregulated change CRY1 (2.22 1.59 0.63 0.49, 0.001), CRY2 (2.15 1.26 0.93 0.80, = PER1 (1.86 1.77 0.65 0.48, 0.005), BMAL1 (1.85 0.97 0.86 0.63, 0.003). Also, caused an improvement (PSQI score: -2.94 3.50 1.16 3.61, QoL (IBDQ-9: 17.00 11.36 -3.50 6.87, 0.001). Conclusion Butyrate may be effective adjunct treatment reducing biomarkers upregulation improving QoL.

Язык: Английский

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The role of microbial indole metabolites in tumor

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

The gut microbiota can produce a variety of microbial-derived metabolites to influence tumor development. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid in the human body, be converted by microorganisms via indole pathway such as Indole-3-Lactic Acid (ILA), Indole-3-Propionic (IPA), Indole Acetic (IAA) and Indole-3-Aldehyde (IAld). Recent studies have shown that play key roles progression, they used adjuvant regimens for immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Here, we summarize recent findings on common microbial provide review mechanisms different microenvironment. We further discuss limitations current metabolite research future possibilities. It is expected will new strategies clinical therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Interactions between gut microbiota, host circadian rhythms, and metabolic diseases

Advances in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100416 - 100416

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

The circadian rhythm arises endogenously from genetically encoded molecular clocks, wherein the components collaborate to induce cyclic fluctuations, occurring approximately every 24 hours. rhythms synchronize biological processes with regular and predictable environmental patterns guarantee host metabolism energy homeostasis function well-being. Disruptions are widely associated metabolic disorders. Notably, microbial influenced by both host's intrinsic clock external rhythmic factors (i.e., light-dark cycle, diet composition), which affect structure of communities functions. Moreover, microbiota metabolites also reciprocally influence rhythms, potentially impacting function. This review explores bidirectional interactions between clock, influencing host-microbial effects on lipid homeostasis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: highlighting gut microbiota, metabolites, rhythms. Additionally, it emphasizes impact disruptions in development diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Colonic Transendoscopic Enteral Tubing Is a New Pathway to Microbial Therapy, Colonic Drainage, and Host–Microbiota Interaction Research

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(3), С. 780 - 780

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2023

The limitation of traditional delivery methods for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) gave birth to colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET) address the requirement frequent FMTs. Colonic TET as a novel endoscopic intervention has received increasing attention in practice since 2015 China. Emerging studies from multiple centers indicate that is promising, safe, and practical method microbial therapy administering medication with high patient satisfaction. Intriguingly, been used rescue endoscopy-related perforations by draining air fluid through tube. Recent research based on collecting ileocecal samples tube contributed demonstrating community dynamics intestine, it expected be proof-of-concept host–microbiota interactions pharmacological research. present article aims review concept techniques explore therapy, drainage, TET.

Язык: Английский

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