Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Март 23, 2022

Abstract To date, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has determined 399,600,607 cases and 5,757,562 deaths worldwide. COVID-19 is a serious threat to human health globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared pandemic major public emergency. Vaccination most effective economical intervention for controlling spread of epidemics, consequently saving lives protecting population. Various techniques have been employed in development vaccines. Among these, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine drawing increasing attention owing its great application prospects advantages, which include short cycle, easy industrialization, simple production process, flexibility respond new variants, capacity induce better immune response. This review summarizes current knowledge on structural characteristics, antigen design strategies, delivery systems, industrialization potential, quality control, latest clinical trials real-world data mRNA vaccines as well technology. Current challenges future directions preventive infectious diseases are also discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Three exposures to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 by either infection or vaccination elicit superior neutralizing immunity to all variants of concern

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(3), С. 496 - 503

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2022

Язык: Английский

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BNT162b2 Protection against the Omicron Variant in Children and Adolescents

New England Journal of Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 386(20), С. 1899 - 1909

Опубликована: Март 30, 2022

Spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant, which led to increased U.S. hospitalizations for disease 2019 (Covid-19), generated concern about immune evasion and duration protection from vaccines in children adolescents.Using a case-control, test-negative design, we assessed vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 leading hospitalization critical (i.e., receipt life support or death). From July 1, 2021, February 17, 2022, enrolled case patients with controls without at 31 hospitals 23 states. We estimated by comparing odds antecedent full vaccination (two doses BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine) least 14 days before illness among controls, according time since 12 18 years age periods coinciding circulation B.1.617.2 (delta) (July December 18, 2021) omicron (December 19, 2022) 5 11 age.We 1185 (1043 [88%] whom were unvaccinated, 291 [25%] received support, died) 1627 controls. During delta-predominant period, adolescents was 93% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89 95) 22 weeks after 92% CI, 80 97) 44 weeks. Among (median vaccination, 162 days) during omicron-predominant 40% 9 60) Covid-19, 79% 51 91) 20% -25 49) noncritical Covid-19. 68% 42 82; median 34 days).BNT162b2 reduced risk omicron-associated two thirds age. Although provided lower than delta-associated age, prevented caused either variant. (Funded Centers Disease Control Prevention.).

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Platforms and current developments

Molecular Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 30(5), С. 1850 - 1868

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2022

Since the first successful application of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) as a vaccine agent in preclinical study nearly 30 years ago, numerous advances have been made field mRNA therapeutic technologies. This research uncovered unique favorable characteristics vaccines, including their ability to give rise non-toxic, potent immune responses and potential design upscale them rapidly, making excellent candidates during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Indeed, two vaccines against COVID-19 receive accelerated regulatory authorization were nucleoside-modified which showed more than 90% protective efficacy symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection alongside tolerable safety profiles pivotal phase III clinical trials. Real-world evidence following deployment global vaccination campaigns utilizing has bolstered trial further illustrated that this technology can be used safely effectively combat COVID-19. unprecedented success also emphasized broader new drug class, not only for other infectious diseases, but indications, such cancer inherited diseases. review presents brief history current status development four platforms, unmodified mRNA, circular RNA, self-amplifying well an overview recent progress vaccines. We discuss anticipated challenges these technologies, may important future endeavors applications.

Язык: Английский

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Effectiveness of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Nonimmunocompromised Children and Adolescents Aged 5–17 Years — VISION Network, 10 States, April 2021–January 2022

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 71(9), С. 352 - 358

Опубликована: Март 1, 2022

The efficacy of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 exceeded 90% in clinical trials that included children and adolescents aged 5-11, 12-15, 16-17 years (1-3). Limited real-world data on 2-dose mRNA effectiveness (VE) persons 12-17 (referred to as this report) have also indicated high levels protection SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causes COVID-19) infection COVID-19-associated hospitalization (4-6); however, VE B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant duration are limited. Pfizer-BioNTech not available for 5-11 years. In partnership with CDC, VISION Network* examined 39,217 emergency department (ED) urgent care (UC) encounters 1,699 hospitalizations† among 5-17 COVID-19-like illness across 10 states during April 9, 2021-January 29, 2022,§ estimate using a case-control test-negative design. Among years, ED UC 14-67 days after dose 2 longest interval age group) was 46%. 12-15 14-149 83% 76%, respectively; ≥150 38% 46%, respectively. increased 86% ≥7 3 (booster dose). substantially lower Omicron predominant period than B.1.617.2 (Delta) no significant predominance. However, 81% third booster dose. During full study period, including pre-Delta, Delta, periods, 74% 2, wide CIs zero. 92% 94%, 73% 88%, All eligible should remain up date recommended vaccinations, those

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccine update: vaccine effectiveness, SARS-CoV-2 variants, boosters, adverse effects, and immune correlates of protection

Journal of Biomedical Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 29(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2022

Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the most severe public health challenge in this century. Two years after its emergence, rapid development and deployment of effective COVID-19 vaccines have successfully controlled pandemic greatly reduced risk illness death associated with COVID-19. However, due to ability rapidly evolve, SARS-CoV-2 virus may never be eradicated, there are many important new topics work on if we need live for a long time. To end, hope provide essential knowledge researchers who improvement future vaccines. In review, provided an up-to-date summary current vaccines, discussed biological basis clinical impact variants subvariants, analyzed effectiveness various vaccine booster regimens against different strains. Additionally, reviewed potential mechanisms vaccine-induced adverse events, summarized studies regarding immune correlates protection, finally, next-generation

Язык: Английский

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Effectiveness of 2-Dose BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) mRNA Vaccine in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children Aged 5–11 Years and Adolescents Aged 12–15 Years — PROTECT Cohort, July 2021–February 2022

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 71(11), С. 422 - 428

Опубликована: Март 11, 2022

The BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was recommended by CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for persons aged 12-15 years (referred to as adolescents in this report) May 12, 2021, and children 5-11 November 2, 2021 (1-4). Real-world data effectiveness (VE) these age groups are needed, especially because when the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant became predominant United States December early investigations of VE demonstrated a decline protection against symptomatic infection adults* (5). PROTECT† prospective cohort 1,364 5-15 tested weekly SARS-CoV-2, irrespective symptoms, upon COVID-19-associated illness during July 25, 2021-February 2022. Among unvaccinated participants (i.e., those who had received no doses) with any laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, B.1.617.2 (Delta) infections were more likely report symptoms (66%) than Omicron (49%). fully vaccinated years, asymptomatic 14-82 days (the longest interval after dose 2 group) receipt Pfizer-BioNTech 31% (95% CI = 9%-48%), adjusted sociodemographic characteristics, health information, frequency social contact, mask use, location, local virus circulation. 14-149 87% 49%-97%) Delta 59% 22%-79%) infection. Fully spent an average one half day less sick bed did All eligible should remain up date vaccinations.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccine Safety in Children Aged 5–11 Years — United States, November 3–December 19, 2021

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 70(5152), С. 1755 - 1760

Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2021

On October 29, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) amended Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 (BNT162b2) mRNA vaccine to expand its use children aged 5-11 years, administered as 2 doses (10 μg, 0.2mL each) 3 weeks apart (1). As of December 19, only is authorized administration 5-17 years (2,3). In preauthorization clinical trials, was 3,109 years; most adverse events were mild moderate, no serious related vaccination reported (4). To further characterize safety in CDC reviewed after receipt Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a passive surveillance system co-managed by FDA, health impact assessments v-safe, voluntary smartphone-based vaccination,* during November 3-December 2021. Approximately 8.7 million years† this period; VAERS received 4,249 reports with age group, 4,149 (97.6%) which not serious. 42,504 enrolled v-safe vaccine; dose 2, total 17,180 (57.5%) local 12,223 systemic (40.9%) reactions (including injection-site pain, fatigue, or headache) reported. The preliminary findings are similar those from trials (4,5). Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends prevention (6). Parents guardians vaccinated should be advised that expected vaccination. Vaccination effective way prevent COVID-19. FDA will continue monitor provide updates needed guide recommendations.

Язык: Английский

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Circulating Spike Protein Detected in Post–COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis

Circulation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 147(11), С. 867 - 876

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2023

Cases of adolescents and young adults developing myocarditis after vaccination with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-targeted mRNA vaccines have been reported globally, but the underlying immunoprofiles these individuals not described in detail.

Язык: Английский

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Evaluation of mRNA-1273 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 6 to 11 Years of Age

New England Journal of Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 386(21), С. 2011 - 2023

Опубликована: Май 11, 2022

Vaccination of children to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an urgent public health need. The safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy the mRNA-1273 vaccine in 6 11 years age are unknown.Part 1 this ongoing phase 2-3 trial was open label for dose selection; part 2 observer-blinded, placebo-controlled expansion evaluation selected dose. In 2, we randomly assigned (6 age) a 3:1 ratio receive two injections (50 μg each) or placebo, administered 28 days apart. primary objectives were safety noninferiority immune response these that young adults (18 25 related 3 trial. Secondary included determination incidences confirmed Covid-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome infection, regardless symptoms. Interim analysis results reported.In trial, 751 received 50-μg 100-μg vaccine, on basis immunogenicity results, level 2. 4016 placebo followed median 82 (interquartile range, 14 94) after first injection. This associated with mainly low-grade, transient adverse events, most commonly injection-site pain, headache, fatigue. No vaccine-related serious multisystem inflammatory children, myocarditis, pericarditis reported as data-cutoff date. One month second injection (day 57), neutralizing antibody titer who at 1610 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1457 1780), compared 1300 CI, 1171 1443) adults, serologic responses least 99.0% participants both groups, findings met prespecified success criterion. Estimated 88.0% 70.0 95.8) against occurring more injection, time when B.1.617.2 (delta) dominant circulating variant.Two doses found be safe effective inducing preventing age; noninferior those adults. (Funded by Biomedical Advanced Research Development Authority National Institute Allergy Infectious Diseases; KidCOVE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04796896.).

Язык: Английский

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