Extracellular Vesicle Preparation and Analysis: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(30)

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2024

Abstract In recent decades, research on Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) has gained prominence in the life sciences due to their critical roles both health and disease states, offering promising applications diagnosis, drug delivery, therapy. However, inherent heterogeneity complex origins pose significant challenges preparation, analysis, subsequent clinical application. This review is structured provide an overview of biogenesis, composition, various sources EVs, thereby laying groundwork for a detailed discussion contemporary techniques preparation analysis. Particular focus given state‐of‐the‐art technologies that employ microfluidic non‐microfluidic platforms EV processing. Furthermore, this discourse extends into innovative approaches incorporate artificial intelligence cutting‐edge electrochemical sensors, with particular emphasis single proposes current outlines prospective avenues future research. The objective motivate researchers innovate expand methods analysis fully unlocking biomedical potential.

Язык: Английский

---

Hydrogel-exosome system in tissue engineering: A promising therapeutic strategy

Bioactive Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38, С. 1 - 30

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2024

Characterized by their pivotal roles in cell-to-cell communication, cell proliferation, and immune regulation during tissue repair, exosomes have emerged as a promising avenue for "cell-free therapy" clinical applications. Hydrogels, possessing commendable biocompatibility, degradability, adjustability, physical properties akin to biological tissues, also found extensive utility engineering regenerative repair. The synergistic combination of hydrogels holds the potential not only enhance efficiency but collaboratively advance repair process. This review has summarized advancements made over past decade research hydrogel-exosome systems regenerating various tissues including skin, bone, cartilage, nerves tendons, with focus on methods encapsulating releasing within hydrogels. It critically examined gaps limitations current research, whilst proposed future directions applications this innovative approach.

Язык: Английский

---

A Smart DNA Hydrogel Enables Synergistic Immunotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 63(14)

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Immunotherapy faces insufficient immune activation and limited effectiveness. Herein, we report a smart DNA hydrogel that enables the release of multivalent functional units at tumor site to enhance efficacy immunotherapy. The was assembled from two types ultra-long chains synthesized via rolling circle amplification. One chain contained adjuvant CpG oligonucleotides polyaptamers for loading natural killer cell-derived exosomes; other G-quadruplex photodynamic agents. formed through base-pairing. HhaI restriction endonuclease sites were designed between units. Upon stimuli in sites, effectively cleaved by released disassembled into Natural exosomes played an anti-tumor role, oligonucleotide activated antigen-presenting cells Besides tumor-killing effect therapy, generated cellular debris acted as antigen further immunotherapeutic effect. In mouse melanoma orthotopic model, localized therapeutic agent, achieved remarkable suppression rate 91.2 %. exhibited enhanced synergistic immunotherapy expanding application materials biomedicine.

Язык: Английский

---

Developing hydrogels for gene therapy and tissue engineering

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2024

Abstract Hydrogels are a class of highly absorbent and easily modified polymer materials suitable for use as slow-release carriers drugs. Gene therapy is specific can overcome the limitations traditional tissue engineering techniques has significant advantages in repair. However, therapeutic genes often affected by cellular barriers enzyme sensitivity, carrier loading essential. Therapeutic gene hydrogels well these difficulties. Moreover, gene-therapeutic have made considerable progress. This review summarizes recent research on treatment damage through summary most current frontiers. We initially introduce classification their cross-linking methods, followed detailed overview types modifications genes, discussion characterization features, design release, an applications engineering. Finally, we provide comments look forward to shortcomings future directions therapy. hope that this article will researchers related fields with more comprehensive systematic strategies repair further promote development field Graphical abstract

Язык: Английский

---

Spatially Localized Entropy-Driven Evolution of Nucleic Acid-Based Constitutional Dynamic Networks for Intracellular Imaging and Spatiotemporal Programmable Gene Therapy

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 146(30), С. 20685 - 20699

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2024

The primer-guided entropy-driven high-throughput evolution of the DNA-based constitutional dynamic network, CDN, is introduced. entropy gain associated with process provides a catalytic principle for amplified emergence CDN. concept applied to develop programmable, spatially localized DNA circuit effective in vitro and vivo theranostic, gene-regulated treatment cancer cells. consists tetrahedron core modified at its corners four tethers that include encoded base sequences exhibiting capacity emerge assemble into [2 × 2] Two are caged by pair siRNA subunits, blocking mute, dynamically inactive configuration. In presence miRNA-21 as primer, subunits displaced, resulting release siRNAs silencing HIF-1α mRNA fast reconfiguration CDN is, however, engineered be reconfigured miRNA-155 an equilibrated mixture enriched DNAzyme component, catalyzing cleavage EGR-1 mRNA. nanostructure stimulates enhanced permeation miRNA-triggered leads cooperative bis-gene-silencing mRNAs, selective apoptosis breast cells inhibition tumors tumor bearing mice.

Язык: Английский

---

A NIR Programmable In Vivo miRNA Magnifier for NIR‐II Imaging of Early Stage Cancer

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(50)

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2023

Aberrant expressions of biomolecules occur much earlier than tumor visualized size and morphology change, but their common measurement strategies such as biopsy suffer from invasive sampling process. In vivo imaging slight biomolecule expression difference is urgently needed for early cancer detection. Fluorescence rare earth nanoparticles (RENPs) in second near-infrared (NIR-II) region makes them appropriate tool imaging. However, the incapacity to couple with signal amplification strategies, especially programmable limited application lowly expressed biomarkers Here we develop a 980/808 nm NIR programmed microRNAs (miRNAs) magnifier by conjugating activatable DNAzyme walker set RENPs, which achieves more effective NIR-II stage monitoring technique. Dye FD1080 (FD1080) modified substrate DNA quenches downconversion emission RENPs under 808 excitation. The miRNA recognition sealed photo-cleavable strand avoid "false positive" systemic circulation. Upconversion 980 irradiation activates amplifies fluorescence recovery via catalytic reaction achieve This strategy demonstrates good potential field

Язык: Английский

---

Rational Design of DNA Hydrogels Based on Molecular Dynamics of Polymers

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(7)

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2023

Abstract In recent years, DNA has emerged as a fascinating building material to engineer hydrogel due its excellent programmability, which gained considerable attention in biomedical applications. Understanding the structure–property relationship and underlying molecular determinants of is essential precisely tailor macroscopic properties at level. this review, rational design principles networks based on dynamics polymers temporal scale, can be engineered via backbone rigidity crosslinking kinetics, are highlighted. By elucidating mechanisms theories, it aimed provide comprehensive overview how tunable kinetics lead desirable hydrogels, including mechanical properties, diffusive permeability, swelling behaviors, dynamic features. Furthermore, also discussed make hydrogels promising candidates for applications, such cell culture, tissue engineering, bio‐sensing, drug delivery.

Язык: Английский

---

Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery and Theranostics In Vivo

JACS Au, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(2), С. 318 - 327

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed nanopouches generated by all cells and abundant in various body fluids. Depending on the parent recipient cells, EVs exchange diverse constituents including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, metabolites. Morphologically, suffer from low zeta potentials short circulation times, but they also offer intrinsic immunogenicity inherent stability. Some crucial factors for effective clinical application of include controlling immune system clearance, achieving large-scale production with efficient quality control, determining dominant mechanism

Язык: Английский

---

Programmable DNA hydrogels construction with functional regulations for biosensing applications

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 173, С. 117628 - 117628

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Choline Phosphate-Grafted Nanozymes as Universal Extracellular Vesicle Probes for Bladder Cancer Detection

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(25), С. 16113 - 16125

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2024

Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are regarded as highly promising liquid-biopsy biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer (BC). However, detection uEVs remains technically challenging owing to their huge heterogeneity ultralow abundance in real samples. We herein present a choline phosphate-grafted platinum nanozyme (Pt@CP) that acts universal EV probe construction high-throughput high-sensitivity immunoassay, which allowed multiplex profiling uEV protein markers BC detection. With Pt@CP-based immunoassays, three (MUC-1, CCDC25, GLUT1) were identified BC, by cases (n = 48), cystitis patients 27), healthy donors 24) discriminated with high clinical sensitivity specificity (area under curve 98.3%). For 9) after surgery, immunoassay could report postoperative residual tumor cannot be observed cystoscopy, is clinically significant assessing recurrence. This work provides generally detection, facilitating discovery use EV-based biomarkers.

Язык: Английский

---